dum Latin · revision 17836

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=inherited|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈdũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈdum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dum''' ^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The conjunction comes from an older adverb ⟨dum⟩ “now, yet”, still used after imperatives and negatives (⟨agedum⟩, ⟨nōndum⟩).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The OLD reconstructs ⟨*dom⟩, with the element ⟨-do-⟩ of [[dōnec]] and [[quandō]], and perhaps related to [[grc|δή|tr=dḗ]].^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary derives it from [[m|itc-pro|*dūm]], from [[ine-pro|*dweh₂-|t=long]], as in [[dūdum]];^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short explained it as ⟨*dium⟩, an accusative related to [[diū|t=for a long time]].^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Ennius on.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As a conjunction ''dum'' means “while, as long as” (with the same tense in both clauses), “while, during the time that”, and “until” (with the subjunctive when there is an idea of purpose or expectation).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) With the subjunctive it also means “provided that” (''dum nē'' “provided that not”, ''[[dummodo]]'').^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ As an adverb it is enclitic: ''agedum'' “come now!”, ''nōndum'' “not yet”, ''[[interdum]]'' “sometimes”.^(Wiktionary) Servius complains that ''cum'' and ''dum'' were wrongly confused.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – First found in Ennius.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 400 AD – Servius notes that ''cum'' and ''dum'' were confused.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Conjunction===

+ # [[m|en|while]], as long as.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # While, during the time that.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|until]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(with subjunctive)'' Provided that, so long as: ''dum nē'', provided that not.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # ''(enclitic)'' Now, yet: ''agedum'', come now;^(Wiktionary) ''nōndum'', not yet.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dummodo]]

+ * [[interdum]]

+ * [[nōndum]]

+ * [[agedum]]

+ * [[dūdum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dōnec]]

+ * [[quandō]]

+ * [[cum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}