reddo Latin · revision 17830

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=ine-pro *deh₃-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈrɛd.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈrɛd.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''reddō''' (present infinitive reddere, perfect active reddidī, supine redditum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Plautus has the future ''reddibō'';^(OLD 2012) an inscription has the perfect ''redideī''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|re-|dō]], “give back”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The double ⟨dd⟩ continues the reduplicated present ⟨*di-d-⟩ of [[ine-pro|*deh₃-|t=to give]], which Latin keeps only in this verb.^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) Compare [[sa|ददामि|tr=dadāmi|t=I give]], [[grc|δίδωμι|tr=dídōmi|t=I give]] and [[osc|didest|t=will give]].^(TLL)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Because compounds of ⟨dō⟩ “give” and ⟨-dō⟩ “put” merged in Latin, de Vaan notes that the assignment of each compound in ⟨-dere⟩ is not always certain; he lists this verb under the simple verb “give”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Naevius on:^(de Vaan 2008) ''Siciliēnsēs paciscit obsidēs ut reddant'', “he makes terms with the Sicilians that they return the hostages”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The basic sense is “give back, restore” something taken or borrowed, also persons, a state of mind, and a loan; hence “put back, restore to a position or condition”.^(OLD 2012) From this come “give out again”: to breathe out, to throw up, to reflect an image or echo a sound, to repeat words and to answer.^(OLD 2012) ''Reddere'' also means to pay what is due (money, vows, honours, penalties), to hand over or deliver (a letter, one's life, an office), to give an account (''ratiōnem reddere''), and ''iūra reddere'' “to administer justice”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Of land it means “to yield”, and in general “to produce” an effect, sound or smell; with a predicate it means “to make, render” (''certiōrem reddere'' “to inform”).^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995) In Church Latin it is used for giving what is due and rewarding.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – First found in Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''quis mī igitur drachumam reddet?'' “who will pay me back the drachma, then?”^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of repeating a prepared speech word for word.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of an heir who reproduces his ancestor's name.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To give back, [[m|en|restore]], [[m|en|return]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) to repay (a loan).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To restore (a person or thing to a position or condition).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To bring back into view, cause to reappear.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To breathe out, give off;^(OLD 2012) to throw up, pass (waste).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|reflect]] (an image), [[m|en|echo]] (a sound);^(OLD 2012) to repeat (words).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To say in reply.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To reproduce, resemble.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|pay]] (money due), discharge (a debt);^(OLD 2012) to render (offerings, honour); to discharge (a vow).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To hand over, give up;^(OLD 2012) to surrender (one's life), resign (an office).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To deliver (a letter).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''ratiōnem reddere'', to render an account;^(OLD 2012) ''causam reddere'', to give a reason.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''iūra reddere'', to administer justice.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of land)'' To yield, produce.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To bring about, produce (an effect, sound, smell).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(with predicate)'' To make, [[m|en|render]];^(OLD 2012) ''certiōrem reddere'', to inform.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[redditiō]]

+ * [[redditiuus]]

+ * [[redditor]]

+ * [[redditus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dō]]

+ * [[trādō]]

+ * [[dōnum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}