quo Latin · revision 17828

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 450 BC, Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *kʷo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkʷoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkʷɔː]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''quō''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is an old case form of the relative and interrogative pronoun [[quī]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) As an adverb of direction (“whither”) it is formed like [[eō]] “thither”;^(OLD 2012) as a conjunction (“whereby, so that”) it is the ablative singular, older ⟨quōd⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) The pronoun continues the PIE stem [[ine-pro|*kʷo-|t=who, which]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ Compare Umbrian [[m|xum|pue|t=whither]], probably from ⟨*kʷō⟩ with an added particle.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ As a conjunction it is found in the Twelve Tables: ''hominī mortuō ossa nē legitō, quō post fūnus faciat'', “do not gather the bones of a dead man so as to hold a funeral later”.^(OLD 2012) The adverb is found from Livius Andronicus on.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As an adverb ''quō'' asks “where to?” (''quō agis?'' “where are you going?”) and “to what end, what for?”; as a relative it means “to which place”, with the subjunctive “so that (someone) may go there”, and after ''sī'' or ''nē'' “to any place, anywhere”.^(OLD 2012) It also means “where” (''quō locī'').^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ As a conjunction it connects sentences, “in consequence of which, whereby”;^(OLD 2012) with comparatives ''quō … eō'' means “the more … the more”, and with the subjunctive it means “so that thereby”, replacing ''ut'' especially when the clause has a comparative.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) In Church Latin it is glossed “wherefore, for which reason” and “in order that”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The conjunction is used in the Twelve Tables.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 280–200 BC – The adverb is found in Livius Andronicus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''quō agis?'' “where are you going?”^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence: ''quō portās puerum?'' “where are you taking the boy?”^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil: ''quō vincula nectitis?'' “what are you tying knots for?”^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # ''(interrogative)'' To what place? [[m|en|whither]]?^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To what end? what for?^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(relative)'' To which place;^(OLD 2012) ''(with subjunctive)'' so that there.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(after sī, nē)'' To any place, anywhere.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|where]] (''quō locī'').^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ===Conjunction===

+ # In consequence of which, [[m|en|whereby]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''quō … eō'', the more … the more.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(with subjunctive)'' So that, in order that (especially with a comparative).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[quōcumque]]

+ * [[quōminus]]

+ * [[quōquam]]

+ * [[quōmodo]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quī]]

+ * [[eō]]

+ * [[ubi]]

+ * [[unde]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}