dolor Latin · revision 17827

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *delh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈdɔ.ɫɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈdɔː.lor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dolor''' ''m'' (genitive dolōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|doleō|-or]], from the verb “to be in pain”.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces the verb to [[itc-pro|*dolē-|t=to pain, cause pain]], from a causative [[ine-pro|*dolh₁-éye-|t=to make split]] of the root [[m|ine-pro|*delh₁-|t=to chop, split]], pain being felt as being torn apart; in Old Latin the sufferer is still put in the dative.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline)

+

+ Cassiodorus fancifully derived it from ⟨dominābilis⟩ or ⟨domābilis⟩ and ⟨horror⟩.^(TLL)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus on:^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) ''puellam peperit … sine dolōribus'', “she bore a girl without pains”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Dolor'' is physical pain, then distress of mind, anguish and grief, and resentment or indignation.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) In rhetoric it is the pathos of a speech that rouses sad emotions (''āctiō plēna dolōris'').^(OLD 2012) The exclamation ''prō dolor'' means “alas!”.^(Wiktionary)

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+ In Church Latin it is sorrow and pain.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|dol]], a unit of intensity of pain coined in 1947, is taken from it.^(Etymonline)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – First found in Plautus, of labour pains.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of grief: ''quantum corde capiō dolōrem''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''āctiō … plēna dolōris, plēna vēritātis''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1947 – English [[m|en|dol]], a unit of pain intensity.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Physical [[m|en|pain]], ache.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Distress, [[m|en|anguish]], [[m|en|grief]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|resentment]], indignation.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(rhetoric)'' [[m|en|pathos]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''prō dolor'', alas!^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dolōrōsus]]

+ * [[indolorius]]

+ * [[cordolium]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dolēns]]

+ * [[dolenter]]

+ * [[doleō]]

+ * [[en|dol]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein describes ''dolor'' as the inward feeling of grief, the opposite of ''[[gaudium]]'', while ''[[tristitia]]'', ''[[maeror]]'' and ''[[lūctus]]'' denote its outward expression.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}