ante Latin · revision 17824

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 450 BC, Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *h₂ent-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈan.tɛ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈan.te]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ante''' (+ accusative)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*anti|t=before, in front of]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₂énti]], the locative singular of the root noun [[m|ine-pro|*h₂ent-|t=front]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Final ⟨-i⟩ became ⟨-e⟩; the old ⟨-i⟩ is still seen in [[antīquus]], [[antēs]] “rows” and [[antiae]] “forelocks”.^(de Vaan 2008) The compound forms ⟨antid-⟩ (⟨antideā⟩, ⟨antideō⟩) follow ⟨postid⟩ “afterwards”, and ⟨anteā⟩ and ⟨antehāc⟩ suggest that it once took the ablative.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Cognate with [[osc|ant|t=up to]], [[hit|hanza|t=in front]], [[sa|अन्ति|tr=ánti|t=before, near]] and [[grc|ἀντί|tr=antí|t=opposite, facing]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from the Twelve Tables on.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Plautus writes ''audīre vōcem vīsa sum ante aedīs modo'', “I thought I heard a voice in front of the house just now”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As a preposition with the accusative ''ante'' means “in front of” a place or person, “in the presence of”, and “to a position in front of”; it also marks order (“before one comes to”).^(OLD 2012) Of time it means “before” a date or event (''ante hunc diem''), ''ante omnia'' “first of all”, and “before the time of” a person; of preference it means “above, more than” (''nōn rūmōrēs pōnēbat ante salūtem'').^(OLD 2012)

+

+ As an adverb it means “in front, forwards” and “before, previously”.^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) As the prefix ''ante-'' it has the senses of the adverb.^(OLD 2012) Its compounds include ''[[antequam]]'' “before” and ''[[anteā]]'' “formerly”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – Used in the Twelve Tables.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''ante aedīs'';^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) ''ante hesternum diem'', “before yesterday”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius: ''nōn rūmōrēs pōnēbat ante salūtem'', “he did not put rumours before safety”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''plūra … dīximus quam quisquam ante nōs'', “we have said more than anyone before us”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Preposition===

+ # ''(with accusative)'' [[m|en|before]], in [[m|en|front]] of (a place);^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) in the presence of.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To a position in front of.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Before (in order).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Before (a time or event), by;^(OLD 2012) ''ante omnia'', first of all.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Before the time of (a person).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Above, more than (in preference).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # In front, forwards.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Before, previously.^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abante]]

+ * [[antarius]]

+ * [[anteā]]

+ * [[antegeriō]]

+ * [[antelūciō]]

+ * [[antemerīdiem]]

+ * [[antīquus]]

+ * [[inante]]

+ * [[ante-]]

+ * [[antequam]]

+ * [[anterior]]

+ * [[anticipō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[antiae]]

+ * [[post]]

+ * [[prae]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}