propter Latin · revision 17819

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=ine-pro *própro}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈprɔp.tɛr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈprɔp.ter]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''propter''' (+ accusative)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|prope|-ter]], for ⟨*propiter⟩, like [[inter]] and [[subter]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan follows Dunkel in explaining [[m|la|prope]] “near” from an iterative preverb [[ine-pro|*própro|t=on and on, ever further]], with the second ⟨r⟩ lost by dissimilation.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Naevius on;^(de Vaan 2008) Plautus has ''in … vīllā proxumā propter mare'', “in the house nearest by the sea”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As an adverb ''propter'' means “near, close at hand” (''ubi aqua propter siet'' “where there is water near by”).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) As a preposition with the accusative it means “near, close to”, and, from this “because of, on account of”: of the cause of a state of affairs, of a motive, of a person through whom something happens (“thanks to”), of a means, and of a purpose or person for whose sake something is done; it also means “as regards”.^(OLD 2012) It often follows its noun, especially a pronoun (''quem propter'').^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it marks a purpose, “for, aiming at”, and after verbs of sending “for, to fetch”.^(Niermeyer 1976) It is used in the phrase ''post hoc, ergō propter hoc'' “after this, therefore because of this”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – First found in Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''propter mare''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius: ''propter stagna'', “by the pools”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it as an adverb: ''ubi aqua propter siet''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Preposition===

+ # ''(with accusative)'' [[m|en|near]], close to.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|because]] of, owing to, on account of.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Thanks to (a person).^(OLD 2012)

+ # By means of.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # For the sake of, for the purpose of.^(OLD 2012)

+ # As regards, in respect of.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' For (a purpose); for, to fetch (after verbs of sending).^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Near, close at hand.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[proptereā]]

+ * [[eāpropter]]

+ * [[hācpropter]]

+ * [[quāpropter]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[prope]]

+ * [[propior]]

+ * [[proximus]]

+ * [[propinquus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}