denique Latin · revision 17816

18 Oct 2026, 18:58 by bogdan “Latin la10k batch la75b-03”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=compound|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=la dē}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈdeː.nɪ.kʷɛ]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈdɛː.ni.kʷe]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''dēnique''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ The OLD derives it from ⟨*dene-que⟩: [[dē]] with the adverbial ending ⟨-ne⟩ (as in [[pōne]] and [[supernē]]) and the particle [[-que]].^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short call the origin doubtful and suggest a locative ⟨dēnĭ⟩ of ⟨dē⟩ with ⟨que⟩.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Compare [[dēmum]] “at length”.^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler dates it from Ennius;^(Köbler 2010) Plautus has ''experīrī quō ēvāsūrust dēnique'', “to find out how he will turn out in the end”.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ Its original sense is “and then, thereupon”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) In the classical language it means “finally, at last, in the end”, and in an argument “lastly”; summing up, it means “in short”.^(OLD 2012) Of an extreme case it means “even, if it comes to that” (''pēierābō dēnique'' “I will even perjure myself”), and in Apuleius “in point of fact, indeed”.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Medieval Latin it also meant “accordingly”, “because” and “for example”.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 204–169 BC – First found in Ennius.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''pernegābō atque obdūrābō, pēierābō dēnique'', “I will deny it, hold out, and even perjure myself”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''orbis dēnique terrārum'', “in short, the whole world”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses it for “indeed”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adverb===
+ # ''(early)'' And then, thereupon.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)
+ # [[m|en|finally]], at last, in the end.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # ''(in argument)'' Lastly.^(OLD 2012)
+ # In short, to sum up.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)
+ # Even, if it comes to that.^(OLD 2012)
+ # In point of fact, indeed.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Accordingly;^(Niermeyer 1976) because;^(Niermeyer 1976) for example.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[dē]]
+ * [[dēmum]]
+ * [[tandem]]
+ * [[postrēmō]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}