loquor Latin · revision 17813

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=ine-pro *tlokʷ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɫɔ.kʷɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈlɔː.kʷor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''loquor''' (present infinitive loquī or loquier, perfect active locūtus sum); third conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ Naevius has the old infinitive ''loquier''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ The participle is also spelled ''loquūtus'', and ''loquuntur'' is sometimes written ''locuntur''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+ Petronius has active forms (''loquis'', ''loquere'').^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ According to de Vaan it is [[inh|itc-pro|*tlokʷ-e/o-|t=to talk]], [[inh|ine-pro|*tlokʷ-|t=to talk]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The participle ⟨locūtus⟩ is analogical, after pairs like [[m|la|solvō]] : ⟨solūtus⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[sga|ad·tluchedar|t=gives thanks]], [[m|sga|do·tluchedar|t=demands]] and [[ru|толк|tr=tolk|t=sense, meaning]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ The OLD calls the origin doubtful;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis and Short compared [[sa|लप्|tr=lap-|t=to talk, whisper]] and [[grc|λάσκω|tr=láskō|t=to shriek, speak]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Naevius on;^(de Vaan 2008) Plautus has ''loquere, quid vēnistī?'' “speak: why have you come?”^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Loquī'' is to talk, speak, also to say or utter something (''nūgās loquī'' “to talk nonsense”), to converse (''cum aliquō'', ''inter sē''), and to speak of, mention.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Wiktionary adds the sense of speaking formally or in defence of someone.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ It is the base of many words for kinds of speech: ''[[colloquor]]'', ''[[alloquor]]'', ''[[ēloquor]]'', ''[[loquāx]]'' “talkative” and ''[[loquēla]]'' “speech”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – First found in Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''tēcum loquor'', “I'm talking to you”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence: ''loquere, audiō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 66 AD – Petronius uses active forms.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|talk]], [[m|en|speak]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To say, utter.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To converse, chat.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To speak of, mention.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To speak formally (as in law or in someone's defence).^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[aliēniloquium]]

+ * [[alloquium]]

+ * [[alloquor]]

+ * [[anteloquium]]

+ * [[astriloquus]]

+ * [[blandiloquium]]

+ * [[blandiloquus]]

+ * [[breviloquēns]]

+ * [[breviloquium]]

+ * [[breviloquus]]

+ * [[caeliloquus]]

+ * [[circumloquor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[allocūtiō]]

+ * [[allocūtus]]

+ * [[blandiloquentia]]

+ * [[blandiloquentulus]]

+ * [[breviloquentia]]

+ * [[collocūtiō]]

+ * [[collocūtor]]

+ * [[ēloquor]]

+ * [[interlocūtiō]]

+ * [[locūtiō]]

+ * [[dīcō]]

+ * [[for]]

+ * [[aiō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein contrasts ''loquī'', ordinary speaking, with ''[[dīcō|alt=dīcere]]'', speaking as an orator or to inform a hearer, quoting Cicero: ''neque enim cōnāmur docēre eum dīcere quī loquī nesciat'', “we do not try to teach oratory to one who cannot talk”.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}