e Latin · revision 17809

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₁éǵʰs}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈeː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɛː]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ē''' (+ ablative)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the form of [[ex]] “out of” used before consonants.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan explains ⟨ē-⟩ from ⟨*egz-⟩, the variant of ⟨*eks⟩ before voiced consonants (⟨b d g l m n r⟩ and consonantal ⟨i u⟩).^(de Vaan 2008) The preposition is [[inh|itc-pro|*eks|t=out]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₁éǵʰs|t=out]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[osc|ee-]], [[xum|ehe|t=out of]], [[grc|ἐξ|tr=ex|t=out of]], [[sga|ess-|t=out]] and [[lt|iš|t=out of, from]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus writes ''intereā ē portū nostra nāvis solvitur'', “meanwhile our ship sets sail from the harbour”;^(Lewis & Short 1879) the preposition itself is found from the Twelve Tables and Livius Andronicus on.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Ē'' has the senses of ''ex'': “out of, from” in space, “from, since” in time, the material or source something comes from, and “in accordance with”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) As a prefix ''ē-'' appears in compounds such as ''[[ēveniō]]'' and ''[[ēdormiō]]''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The preposition ''ex'' is used in the Twelve Tables.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''ē portū''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero writes ''ex'' and ''ē'' side by side: ''ex corporum vinculīs tamquam ē carcere''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Preposition===

+ # ''(with ablative)'' [[m|en|out]] of, [[m|en|from]] (= ''[[ex]]'', before consonants).^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # From, since (a time).^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of, made of; from among.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # In accordance with;^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''ē rē pūblicā'', in the public interest.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ex]]

+ * [[ex-]]

+ * [[extrā]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Before vowels only ''ex'' is used; before consonants ''ex'' is also commoner than ''ē'' (in Cicero's ''Republic'' ''ē'' occurs 19 times and ''ex'' 61 times), and no rule decides between them.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Some phrases keep one form: ''ex parte'', ''ex sententiā'', ''ex tempore'', but ''ē regiōne'', ''ē rē nātā'', ''ē vestīgiō'' and ''ē mediō''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ''Ē'' is also the name of the letter E, an indeclinable neuter or feminine.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}