quisquam Latin · revision 17807

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *kʷis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkʷɪs.kʷãː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkʷis.kʷam]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''quisquam''' (neuter quidquam or quicquam); interrogative/indefinite pronoun with an indeclinable portion^(Wiktionary)

+ The neuter is spelled ''quicquam'' or ''quidquam'', and the Senatus consultum de Bacchanalibus has the old spelling ''QVIQVAM''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+ Separate feminine forms are hardly attested in classical Latin;^(OLD 2012) ''quamquam'' appears once in Seneca, and ''quāquam'' survives in ''haudquāquam''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|quis|-quam]], from the indefinite pronoun and ⟨quam⟩, the accusative feminine singular of ⟨quis⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The pronoun [[m|la|quis]] continues [[ine-pro|*kʷis|t=who, what; someone, something]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus on:^(Köbler 2010) ''neque domī neque in urbe inveniō quemquam quī illum vīderit'', “at home or in the city I find no one who has seen him”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Quisquam'' means “anyone (at all)”, neuter ''quicquam'' “anything”, chiefly in negative sentences, where it is more emphatic than ''quis''; it also strengthens ''[[nēmō]]'' and ''[[nihil]]'' (''nēmō quisquam'').^(OLD 2012) It is used in rhetorical questions, in conditional clauses (''tū, sī quisquam'' “you more than anyone”), after comparatives and in generalizing clauses.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ The neuter also means “anything of value”, and as an adverb “at all”.^(OLD 2012) As an adjective it is a more emphatic ''[[ūllus]]'', “any (single)”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – First found in Plautus: ''nēmō quisquam''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it in an indignant question: ''mihin quisquam?''^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Pronoun===

+ # ''(in negative sentences)'' [[m|en|anyone]] at all;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''(neuter)'' [[m|en|anything]] at all.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Any one (of a number).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(strengthening nēmō, nihil)'' ''nēmō quisquam'', no one at all.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(in questions and conditions)'' Anyone;^(OLD 2012) ''sī quisquam'', more than anyone.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(neuter)'' Anything of value.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(neuter accusative as adverb)'' In any respect, at all.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ===Determiner===

+ # Any, any at all (a more emphatic ''[[ūllus]]'').^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[haudquāquam]]

+ * [[nēquāquam]]

+ * [[nēquīquam]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quis]]

+ * [[quisque]]

+ * [[ūllus]]

+ * [[aliquis]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}