longus Latin · revision 17805

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 450 BC, Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *dlongʰo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɫɔŋ.ɡʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈlɔŋ.ɡus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''longus''' (feminine longa, neuter longum, comparative longior, superlative longissimus, adverb longē or longiter); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*(d)longo-|t=long]], [[inh|ine-pro|*dlongʰo-|t=long]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[got|𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍃|tr=laggs|t=long]] and the English word [[m|en|long]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Related forms of the same adjective appear as [[grc|δολιχός|tr=dolikhós|t=long]], [[sa|दीर्घ|tr=dīrghá|t=long]], [[cu|длъгъ|tr=dlŭgŭ|t=long]], [[lt|ìlgas|t=long]] and [[hit|talugai-|t=long]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan notes that it is a major question whether these variants of the root (⟨*dlongʰ-⟩, ⟨*delgʰ-⟩, ⟨*dl̥h₁gʰ-⟩ and others) can all be reconciled.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from the Twelve Tables on.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Plautus has ''homō cum tunicīs longīs'', “a man in long tunics”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Longus'' means “long” in space, of journeys (''longa nāvigātiō''), with measurements (“so many feet long”), and of persons and trees “tall”.^(OLD 2012) ''Nāvis longa'' is a warship, and ''Alba Longa'' the old town of Latium.^(OLD 2012) It also means “wide, spacious”, “far-reaching” (''spēs longa'' “a far-reaching hope”) and “far off”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Of books and speeches it means “long” and “long-winded”; of time “long, lasting”, and of things that seem endless “tedious”;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''in longum'' means “for a long time”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The adverb ''[[longē]]'' means “far, for a long while”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – Used in the Twelve Tables.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses ''nāvis longa'' of a warship.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius: ''longī … cupressī'', “tall cypresses”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace: life's short span forbids us to begin a long hope (''spem … longam'').^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|long]] (in space);^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''nāvis longa'', a [[m|en|warship]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of a given length.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|tall]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Wide, spacious.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Far-reaching.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Far off, [[m|en|distant]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of a book or speech)'' Long;^(OLD 2012) long-winded.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of time)'' Long, lasting;^(OLD 2012) ''in longum'', for a long time.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Seeming endless, [[m|en|tedious]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of illness, death)'' Lingering.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[delonge]]

+ * [[longanimis]]

+ * [[longiloquium]]

+ * [[longinquus]]

+ * [[longipēs]]

+ * [[longitia]]

+ * [[longitūdō]]

+ * [[longiturnus]]

+ * [[longiusculus]]

+ * [[longulus]]

+ * [[longuriō]]

+ * [[oblongus]]

+ * [[longē]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[longaevitās]]

+ * [[longanimitās]]

+ * [[longanimiter]]

+ * [[longinquē]]

+ * [[longinquitās]]

+ * [[longinquō]]

+ * [[longiturnitās]]

+ * [[longiusculē]]

+ * [[longulē]]

+ * [[en|long]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}