neque Latin · revision 17758

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 450 BC, Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *nékʷe}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈnɛ.kʷɛ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈnɛː.kʷe]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''neque''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*nekʷe|t=and not]], [[inh|ine-pro|*nékʷe|t=and not, nor]], from [[m|ine-pro|*ne|t=not]] and [[m|ine-pro|*-kʷe|t=and]]; the Latin word is [[m|la|ne-]] + [[-que]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) The TLL notes that the second part of the simple negative could also be the particle of [[hic]].^(TLL)

+

+ Cognate with [[osc|nep]] and [[xum|neip]], Old Irish [[m|sga|nach]] and [[got|𐌽𐌹𐌷|tr=nih]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found in the Twelve Tables and in Livius Andronicus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the oldest Latin ''neque'' (mostly as ''nec'') could be a simple “not”, which later survived only in a few set phrases and compounds.^(OLD 2012) The usual senses are “and not”, “nor”, “not … either” and “not even”;^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995) ''neque … neque'' means “neither … nor”, and ''neque enim'' “for … not”.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995) Combined with ''tamen'' it means “and yet … not”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ The choice between ''neque'' and ''nec'' was often a matter of sound, but ''nec'' became more common and prevailed in colloquial writers such as Petronius.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note that ''nec'' stands before vowels too in classical prose.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – Used in the Twelve Tables.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''id quod neque est neque fuit neque futūrum est''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before AD 66 – Petronius prefers the short form ''nec''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Conjunction===

+ # And not, [[m|en|nor]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''neque … neque'', [[m|en|neither]] … nor.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Not … either; not even.^(OLD 2012)

+ # And yet … not, but … not.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(archaic)'' Not.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''neque enim'', for … not;^(OLD 2012) ''neque tamen'', and yet … not.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[nec]]

+ * [[nequedum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nē]]

+ * [[nōn]]

+ * [[-que]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}