tum Latin · revision 17749

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 280–200 BC, Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *tóm}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tum''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*tom]], [[inh|ine-pro|*tóm]], the accusative singular masculine of the demonstrative [[m|ine-pro|*só|t=that]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) It is the correlative of [[cum]] (old ⟨quom⟩), as the feminine [[tam]] is of [[quam]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The emphatic [[tunc]] comes from ⟨*tom-ḱe⟩, with the particle “-ce”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Compare [[ae|təm]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Livius Andronicus on.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Tum'' means “then, at that time”, of the past, the future or any time; it also means “next, thereupon” and, of a supposed case, “in that event”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995) It answers ''cum'' (''cum … tum'' “both … and especially”), and ''tum … tum'' means “at one time … at another”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ It is often used to add a further item, “further, besides”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 280–200 BC – First found in Livius Andronicus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''ita tum cōnfulgēbant'' “so bright were they then”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius has the emphatic ''tunc''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|then]], at that time (past or future).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Then, next, thereupon.^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # In that case, then.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''cum … tum'', both … and especially;^(Stelten 1995)^(OLD 2012) ''tum … tum'', at one time … at another.^(Stelten 1995)^(OLD 2012)

+ # Further, besides.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[tunc]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tam]]

+ * [[cum]]

+ * [[iste]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}