autem Latin · revision 17741

18 Oct 2026, 18:36 by bogdan “Latin la10k: at, an, pro, autem, sine, nihil, modo, quia, quidam, apud”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 280–200 BC, Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *h₂eu}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈau̯.tẽː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈaːu̯.tem]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''autem''' ^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is formed from the base of [[aut]] with a particle ⟨-em⟩, as in [[item]] and [[quidem]]: ⟨*auti⟩ + ⟨-m⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan considers the ⟨-em⟩ either the particle of [[īdem]] and “item” or the regular outcome of PIE ⟨*-im⟩.^(de Vaan 2008) The base goes back to [[ine-pro|*h₂eu|t=away]].^(de Vaan 2008)
+ 
+ Compare [[osc|avt|t=but]] and [[grc|αὖ|tr=aû|t=again]].^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ It is found from Livius Andronicus on.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ ''Autem'' sets one thing beside another (“on the other hand, while”), opposes it (“but”), adds to it (“moreover, also”), explains it (“and in fact”), or moves to a new point (“now”).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In questions and exclamations it expresses surprise or indignation (''quid tū autem?'' “and what about you?”).^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ It is never placed first in its clause; it normally stands second.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Scribes wrote it with special abbreviations, studied by Traube.^(TLL)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 280–200 BC – First found in Livius Andronicus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''quī autem auscultāre nōlet exsurgat forās'' “but whoever won't listen, let him get up and go out”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it to bring in a new point about the merchant.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Conjunction===
+ # On the other hand, while, [[m|en|however]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # [[m|en|but]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # Moreover, also, furthermore.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # And in fact, and indeed (explaining).^(OLD 2012)
+ # Now (introducing a new point).^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(in questions)'' And, then, indeed.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[aut]]
+ * [[sed]]
+ * [[at]]
+ * [[vērō]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}