apud Latin · revision 17735

18 Oct 2026, 18:36 by bogdan “Latin la10k: at, an, pro, autem, sine, nihil, modo, quia, quidam, apud”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=c. 280–200 BC, Livius Andronicus}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈa.pʊd]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈaː.pud]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''apud''' (+ accusative)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ The origin is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008) It is never used in compounds or as an adverb, which may point to a recent origin from a noun phrase.^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD and de Vaan consider a link with [[apiō|t=to tie]], perhaps an old perfect participle ⟨*ap-wot⟩ “having reached”, hence “closely joined”; de Vaan also mentions ⟨*ad-pod⟩, from [[ad]] and the word for “foot”.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The Marsian inscription ⟨apur finem⟩ of the 4th century BC and the form ⟨apor⟩ in Festus show a variant with /r/.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ It is found from Livius Andronicus on;^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) a Marsian inscription of the 4th century BC has ''apur finem'' “at the boundary”.^(de Vaan 2008)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ ''Apud'' means “at, near, beside” (of places), “in” (a building or town), and above all “at the house of, with” a person (French ''chez''), at the court of a king or the headquarters of a general.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It also means “in the country of, among”, “before, in the presence of”, and “in the writings of” (''apud Ennium'').^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ The spelling ''aput'' is also found from about 45 BC.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Medieval Latin used it for “with, together with” and “by means of”.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 4th century BC – ''apur finem'' in a Marsian inscription.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)
+ * c. 280–200 BC – First found in Livius Andronicus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''argentum sūmpsisse apud Thēbās ab dānīstā'', “to have borrowed money from a moneylender at Thebes”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 116–27 BC – Varro cites a word he found ''apud Callimachum'', in Callimachus.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Preposition===
+ # ''(with accusative)'' At, near, by, [[m|en|beside]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # At the house of, with; at the court or headquarters of.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # In the country of, [[m|en|among]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Before, in the presence of.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # In the writings of.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' With, together with; by means of.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[ad]]
+ * [[apiō]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}