enim Latin · revision 17729
18 Oct 2026, 18:30 by bogdan “Latin la10k: aut, nec, de, a, ne, quam, ac, enim, nemo, per”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=ine-pro *h₁e-no-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɛ.nĩː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɛː.nim]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''enim''' ^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*enim]], the accusative singular of [[m|itc-pro|*eno-|t=that one]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₁e-no-]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The OLD likewise sees a pronominal stem ⟨*(e)no-⟩, as in [[nam]] and [[nunc]], with the ending ⟨-im⟩.^(OLD 2012) Pokorny derived it from the stem of [[lt|anàs|t=that]] and [[cu|онъ|tr=onŭ|t=he]], but de Vaan reconstructs that pronoun as [[m|ine-pro|*h₂en-]] and assumes that the initial /e/ was taken from the pronoun of [[is]].^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ Cognate with [[osc|ínim|t=and]] and [[xum|enem|t=and]], which in Umbrian joins only sentences.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ It is found from Naevius on;^(de Vaan 2008) Plautus uses it often in dialogue.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ In early dialogue ''enim'' is an affirming particle: “well!”, “why!”, “of course!” at the start of a reply.^(OLD 2012) Its classical use is causal and explanatory: “for”, “namely”, ''neque enim'' “for … not”, giving the reason for what has just been said.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It normally stands second in its sentence.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ Medieval Latin also used it for “but, now”.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 235–200 BC – First found in Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it to underline an answer: ''quia enim mē adflīctat amor''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it to stress the preceding word.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 550–1150 – Medieval Latin uses it for “but, now”.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Conjunction===
+ # [[m|en|for]], because (giving a reason); ''neque enim'', for … not.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # Namely, that is to say.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(in dialogue)'' Well! why! of course! indeed.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' But, now.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[etenim]]
+ * [[enimvērō]]
+ * [[atenim]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[nam]]
+ * [[nunc]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}