ipse Latin · revision 17725

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=compound|attested=c. 450 BC, Twelve Tables|origins=la is}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɪp.sɛ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈip.se]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ipse''' (feminine ipsa, neuter ipsum or ipsud, no comparative, superlative ipsissimus or ipsimus); demonstrative determiner (pronominal declension)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a compound of the pronoun [[is]] with an element ⟨-pse⟩, whose origin is disputed.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) The oldest forms inflect the first part: ⟨eapse⟩, ⟨eumpse⟩, ⟨eāpse⟩ (still in Plautus).^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan derives ⟨-pse⟩ from ⟨*-pe-so⟩, containing the PIE pronoun [[ine-pro|*so|t=that]], and reconstructs [[m|itc-pro|*so-pe-so]], later ⟨*e(s)-pe-so⟩; rare forms with ⟨s-⟩ in both parts, such as ⟨sapsa⟩ in Ennius and Pacuvius, point the same way.^(de Vaan 2008) The TLL reports Sommer's view that the oldest forms repeated the pronoun ⟨*so⟩.^(TLL) Wiktionary mentions the traditional explanation of the /p/ as a consonant inserted between the two inflected parts.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ [[osc|esuf|t=himself]] and [[xum|esuf]] may be related.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found in the Twelve Tables and Livius Andronicus; the Old Latin nominative was ''ipsus'' (also ''ipsos'' in a royal law), used from Livius Andronicus to Cato.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Ipse'' singles out a person or thing as opposed to others (“himself, herself, itself”), emphasizes a reflexive (''sē ipsum''), and means “in person”, “of one's own accord”, and “the very” (''hōc ipsō tempore'' “at this very time”).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) With numbers and times it means “exactly, just”, and it can single out the master or chief from his subordinates.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it served as a plain pronoun “he”, a demonstrative “this”, and an article “the”.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – Used in the Twelve Tables.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 280–200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses the nominative ''ipsus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus has ''eapse'' and the superlative ''ipsissimus'' “his very self”.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 550–1150 – Medieval Latin uses it as a pronoun and article.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Pronoun===

+ # [[m|en|himself]], herself, itself (as opposed to others).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # For one's own part.^(OLD 2012)

+ # In person.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The actual, the real: ''rēs ipsa'', the facts themselves.^(OLD 2012)

+ # By oneself, of one's own accord.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The very, that very; exactly, just (with numbers and times).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The master, the chief (as opposed to his subordinates).^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' He; this; the.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ipsissimus]]

+ * [[ipsimus]]

+ * [[rēapse]]

+ * [[metipse]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[is]]

+ * [[sē]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}