non Latin · revision 17718

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=compound|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=la noenum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈnoːn]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈnɔn]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''nōn''' (negative particle)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is probably from the Old Latin form [[m|la|noenum]],^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) which de Vaan explains as [[af|la|ne-|ūnum|t1=not|t2=one]], “not one”, from [[m|itc-pro|*ne-oinom]].^(de Vaan 2008) The long /oː/ can only be explained by a contraction of [[m|itc-pro|*ne-oino-]] to [[m|itc-pro|*nōino-]], and the loss of the final ⟨-um⟩ is irregular, perhaps because the word was unstressed.^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary calls the origin uncertain and mentions another proposal, [[ine-pro|*nó-h₁ ne|t=not at all]], compared with [[xtg|nane|t=not]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It appears from Naevius on;^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Plautus also has ''noenum'' and Lucilius ''noenu''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it is the regular negative of a statement, of a single word (''nōn magnus''), and in questions expecting “yes” (compare ''[[nōnne]]'').^(OLD 2012) It also answers a question (“no”), and with a noun it can mean “non-” (''nōn corpus'', a thing that is not a body).^(OLD 2012) Quintilian criticized its use with a jussive subjunctive in place of ''nē''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Ennius, Lucilius and Varro are quoted for the old form ''noenum'' (''noenu'').^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – First recorded in Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses both ''nōn'' and ''noenum''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95 AD – Quintilian censures ''nōn'' with the perfect subjunctive in prohibitions.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|not]] (negating a sentence, clause, word or phrase).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(in questions expecting a positive answer)'' Not?^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(in answers)'' [[m|en|no]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(with a noun)'' That which is not, non-.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(with a jussive subjunctive, rare)'' Let not, do not.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[nōnnēmō]]

+ * [[nōnnisi]]

+ * [[nōnnūllus]]

+ * [[nōnnumquam]]

+ * [[nōnnusquam]]

+ * [[nōndum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nē]]

+ * [[neque]]

+ * [[nūllus]]

+ * [[nihil]]

+ * [[nisi]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Nōn posse nōn'' + infinitive means “to be unable not to”, i.e. to be bound to do something.^(OLD 2012) The fixed phrase ''nōn nisi'' means “only”.^(OLD 2012)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}