hic Latin · revision 17717

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=c. 450 BC, Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰe/o-, ine-pro *-ḱe}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈhɪk]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈik]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hic''' (feminine haec, neuter hoc); first/second-declension determiner (hic-type)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from a demonstrative stem and the deictic particle [[-ce|t=here]], which appears as ⟨-c⟩ in most forms.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reconstructs the stem as [[m|itc-pro|*χo]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ǵʰe/o-|t=this]], one of the many deictic elements of PIE, and the particle as [[m|ine-pro|*-ḱe]]; the masculine, older [[m|la|hec]], comes from [[m|itc-pro|*hi-ke]].^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD calls the first element uncertain.^(OLD 2012) Most of the case forms were taken over from ordinary adjectives, and the feminine ⟨haec⟩ was modelled on [[m|la|quae]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Possible cognates are [[xfa|hec|t=here]] and the element [[xum|-hont]] of Umbrian “erahunt” (the same), which would prove a Proto-Italic origin.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found in the Twelve Tables and Livius Andronicus;^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Old Latin inscriptions have ''honc'' and ''hec''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Hic'' is the demonstrative of the first person: it points at what is near the speaker, in place, time or thought (“this”), and in court speeches at the speaker's own side.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) It can mean “of the present day”, “of this place” and “of this world”; it refers back to what was just said or forward to what follows, and in contrast with ''[[ille]]'' it means “the latter”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ The adverb ''hīc'' “here” is its old locative (older ''heic''), as are ''[[hinc]]'', ''[[hūc]]'' and ''[[hāc]]'' from other cases.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) In medieval Latin ''hic'' also meant “earthly, of this life”.^(MLW)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – Used in the Twelve Tables.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses both the pronoun and the adverb ''hīc'' (also spelled ''heic'').^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses the adverb ''hīc'' “here”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Pronoun===

+ # [[m|en|this]] (near the speaker in place, time or thought); ''(plural)'' these.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # This person here, I (the speaker).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of the present day; of this place; of this world.^(OLD 2012)

+ # This last, the recent; this next.^(OLD 2012)

+ # This (just mentioned, or what follows); ''(in contrast with ille)'' the latter.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Earthly, of this life.^(MLW)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # ''(hīc)'' [[m|en|here]], in this place; at this point, on this occasion.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[antehāc]]

+ * [[hāctenus]]

+ * [[hōrsum]]

+ * [[huiusmodī]]

+ * [[posthāc]]

+ * [[hodiē]]

+ * [[hinc]]

+ * [[hūc]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[is]]

+ * [[iste]]

+ * [[ille]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}