quis Latin · revision 17712

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 450 BC, Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *kʷís}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkʷɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkʷis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''quis''' or quī or quei (feminine quae or quis or qua, neuter quid); interrogative/indefinite pronoun (with m optionally → n in compounds)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*kʷis]], [[inh|ine-pro|*kʷís|t=who, what; someone]], the interrogative and indefinite stem.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The neuter ⟨quid⟩ continues [[m|ine-pro|*kʷid]]; the forms of the feminine and of the genitive and dative singular were supplied by the relative stem (see [[quī]]).^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) The indefinite pronoun “anyone” is the unaccented form of the same word.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Cognate with [[osc|pis]] and [[xum|pisi]], [[grc|τίς|tr=tís]], [[sa|किम्|tr=kím|t=what]] and [[hit|kuiš]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found in the Twelve Tables and in Livius Andronicus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As an [[m|en|interrogative]] it asks “who?” and in the neuter ''quid'' “what?” or “why?”; it is used substantivally, while ''[[quī]]'' is the matching adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) As an indefinite pronoun it means “anyone, anything”, especially after ''sī'', ''nisi'', ''num'' and ''nē'' (''sī quis'' “if anyone”, ''nē quis'' “that no one”).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ The old nominative plural ''quēs'' survives in the senatorial decree on the Bacchanalia and in Pacuvius.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – Used in the Twelve Tables.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses ''quis'' of women too.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Pronoun===

+ # ''(interrogative)'' [[m|en|who]]? which person?^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(neuter quid)'' What? why? what for?^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(indefinite)'' Anyone, someone; anything, something (after ''sī'', ''nisi'', ''num'', ''nē'').^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(in a negative clause)'' Any single person.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(adjective, rare)'' Any; which.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[aliquis]]

+ * [[ecquis]]

+ * [[quisquis]]

+ * [[quisnam]]

+ * [[quisquam]]

+ * [[quisque]]

+ * [[quia]]

+ * [[quidnī]]

+ * [[quamquam]]

+ * [[nēquīquam]]

+ * [[nesciō quis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quī]]

+ * [[uter]]

+ * [[en|who]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Quis'' is properly used of more than two; for “which of two?” Latin uses ''[[uter]]''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}