condamner French · revision 17707

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=late 10th century, Vie de saint Léger|origins=la damnum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /kɔ̃.da.ne/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /kɔ̃.dɑ.ne/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''condamner'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|condemner]] (late 10th century), ''condampner'' (12th century); ''condamner'' from about 1360 (Froissart), though forms in ''-emn-'' lasted into the 17th century.^(GLLF 1989)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|condemnō|t=to declare guilty and sentence; to blame]], already altered to a form with ⟨a⟩ in glosses, formed from intensive [[m|la|com-]] and [[m|la|damnō|t=to condemn]], from [[m|la|damnum|t=loss, harm]].^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The vowel ⟨a⟩ comes from the influence of [[damner]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) In late Latin the verb also meant “to make unusable” (of land, in the Salic Law), and in Christian Latin it was a doublet of [[m|la|damnō]].^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Vie de saint Léger'' (late 10th century) has ''piez condemnets'', “injured feet”, apparently from the sense “to make unusable”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The legal sense, to sentence someone, is in the Oxford Psalter in the early 12th century.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Froissart (about 1360) uses it for closing up a bridge or an opening, and in 1678 it is used of a ship declared unfit for service.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Montluc, before 1577, writes that the doctors have “condemned” him not to recover for a year;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Bossuet before 1704 uses it of a patient given up as incurable.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Pascal in 1669 applies it to a book declared contrary to doctrine, Ronsard in 1578 has “to force to something painful”, and Chateaubriand in 1810 writes ''les apparences me condamnaient''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In African French ''condamner une voiture'' means to lock it.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 10th century – ''Piez condemnets'', in the ''Vie de saint Léger''.^(TLFi)

+ * Early 12th century – To sentence, in the Oxford Psalter.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1360 – The spelling ''condamner''; to block up, in Froissart.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * Before 1577 – Of a patient, in Montluc.^(TLFi)

+ * 1578 – “To force to something painful”, in Ronsard.^(TLFi)

+ * 1669 – Of a book, in Pascal.^(TLFi)

+ * 1678 – ''Condamner un vaisseau''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|sentence|alt=sentence]], declare guilty and punish by a judgment: ''condamner à mort'', ''condamné pour meurtre''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''(of a thing)'' To show to be guilty: ''ce témoignage condamne l'accusé''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+ # To declare a patient incurable: ''les médecins l'ont condamné''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # To force to something painful: ''condamner à une besogne''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # To [[m|en|condemn|alt=condemn]], blame strongly; to declare a book contrary to doctrine.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+ # To block up a door, a window or a passage permanently.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(African French)'' To lock: ''condamner une voiture''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[condamnation]]

+ * [[condamnable]]

+ * [[condamné]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[damner]]

+ * [[dam]]

+ * [[la|condemnō]]

+ * [[en|condemn]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}