humeur French · revision 17704

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1119, Philippe de Thaon|origins=la ūmeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /y.mœʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''humeur''' ''f'' (plural humeurs)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|humor]], [[m|fro|humour]];^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary) ''humeur'' from the 13th century.^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary) The word hesitated between masculine and feminine until the 17th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|ūmor|t=moisture; liquid; a bodily fluid]], derived from [[m|la|ūmeō|t=to be moist]], the source of [[humide]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) It is a doublet of [[en|humour]], which English took from the Old French word.^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[pro|humor]], [[es|humor]] and [[it|umore]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Philippe de Thaon (1119) uses ''humur'' for water, the element necessary to life, as a symbol of love: ''Por l'humur entendum L'amur''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ After 1150 it meant moisture, a sense that lasted until the 18th century.^(DHLF 1992) About 1175 Benoît de Sainte-Maure uses it for a liquid of the human body, usually in the plural in old medicine, and Brunetto Latini (about 1265) describes the four humours, choler, phlegm, melancholy and blood, whose balance was thought to make the temperament.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Hence, from the 15th century, the set of tendencies that form a character, ''les humeurs'' in Ronsard (1555), and the whims of a person (Montaigne, 1580, Brantôme).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi) From 1578 it also meant a passing state of mind, whence ''bonne humeur'' (1625), ''mauvaise humeur'' (Malherbe), ''humeur noire'' (Molière, 1666) and ''être d'humeur à'', to be in the mood for.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992) Medicine keeps the old sense in ''humeur aqueuse'' (Paré, about 1560) and ''humeur vitrée'' (1680).^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1119 – ''Humur'', water, in Philippe de Thaon.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1175 – A bodily fluid, in Benoît de Sainte-Maure.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1265 – The four humours, in Brunetto Latini.^(TLFi)

+ * 1555 – ''Les humeurs'', dispositions, in Ronsard.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1578 – A passing mood.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1625 – ''Bonne humeur''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1666 – ''Humeur noire'', in Molière.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The dominant, lasting disposition of a person; [[m|en|temperament]]: ''une jeune fille d'humeur gaie'', ''incompatibilité d'humeur''.^(Larousse)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # A passing state of mind, [[m|en|mood|alt=mood]]: ''être de bonne'', ''de mauvaise humeur'', ''être d'humeur à'', to be in the mood for.^(Larousse)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(psychiatry)'' The basic affective disposition: ''trouble de l'humeur''.^(Larousse)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(old medicine)'' A bodily fluid, ''les quatre humeurs'', blood, phlegm, bile and black bile.^(Le Robert)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(anatomy)'' ''Humeur aqueuse'', ''humeur vitrée'': the fluids of the eye.^(Larousse)^(Le Robert)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[humide]]

+ * [[humoral]]

+ * [[humour]]

+ * [[la|ūmor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}