club French · revision 17703

+ French took the English word [[m|en|club]] twice: in the 18th century for an association, and in 1882 for the stick used in golf.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ {{homograph|1|association}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1702, Miège|origins=non klubba}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /klœb/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Canada): /klyb/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Canada): [klʏb]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Canada): /klɔb/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''club''' ''m'' (plural clubs)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The association is [[bor|en|club]], used in that sense since the 17th century.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) The English word first meant a heavy stick, [[m|enm|clubbe]] (about 1205), from [[non|klubba]], an assimilated form of [[m|non|klumba|t=club, cudgel]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Larousse) The sense “group of people” is hard to derive from “cudgel”; it is thought to come from a sense “mass, lump” (1450), perhaps through the English verb [[m|en|club|t=to put together, combine]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Littré's explanation from the Civil War and Skinner's from an Old English verb “to divide” are old guesses.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Guy Miège's ''État présent de l'Angleterre'' (1702) uses it for an English association;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Rey finds it in 1698 for an English society meeting to drink and talk.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word was still rare in France in the 18th century (''Club de l'Entresol'', 1724–1731) and spread shortly before the Revolution (1774, Beaumarchais) in the sense “political society”, as in ''le club des Jacobins''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The Revolution coined ''clubiste'' (1784) and many other derivatives.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) In the 19th century it came to mean an aristocratic circle for reading, talk and play, like the Jockey Club, and a society for sport or leisure.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007) A new borrowing gave ''fauteuil club'', a deep leather armchair (1934), and the familiar ''bienvenue au club !'' welcomes someone in the same plight.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1698 – Of an English society.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1702 – In Miège.^(TLFi)

+ * 1724–1731 – The ''Club de l'Entresol''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1774 – A political club in France.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1784 – ''Clubiste''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1934 – A leather armchair.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(history)'' A political society: ''le club des Jacobins''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # A circle whose members meet to talk, read or play: ''le Jockey Club''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # An [[m|en|association]] for sport, travel or other leisure: ''club sportif'', ''le Club alpin''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # A closed group of people or countries sharing a position: ''le club des puissances atomiques'', ''bienvenue au club !''^(Larousse)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''Fauteuil club'', ''club'': a deep leather [[fauteuil|alt=armchair]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[clubiste]]

+ * [[clubman]]

+

+ {{homograph|2|golf club}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1882|origins=non klubba}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /klœb/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Canada): /klyb/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Canada): [klʏb]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Canada): /klɔb/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''club''' ''m'' (plural clubs)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The golf club is a second borrowing [[bor|en|club]], here in its proper sense of a heavy stick, used for clubs in ball games, especially golf, from about 1450.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is recorded in 1882, first for a stick used at polo and then mainly at golf.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(golf)'' A golf [[m|en|club]]: ''le caddie transporte les clubs''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # A light club used by jugglers.^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|club]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}