salope French · revision 17701

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=compound|attested=1607, Sigogne}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /sa.lɔp/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''salope''' ''f'' (plural salopes, masculine (by suppletion) salaud)^(Wiktionary)

+ Early forms ''salouppe'' (1607) and ''saloppe'' (1611).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The usual explanation makes it a compound of [[sale]] “dirty” and [[m|fr|hoppe]], a dialect form of [[huppe]] “hoopoe”, a bird thought to be very dirty; regional sayings such as “sale comme une hoppe” in Lorraine and “sale comme une oupotte” in Franche-Comté support it.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005) The adjective comes from [[frk|*salo|t=murky, dull]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Diez, followed by Littré, proposed English [[m|en|sloppy]].^(Littré 1873) The Grand Robert takes the feminine noun as a use of the adjective, owing to its form.^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Sigogne's ''Œuvres satyriques'' (1607) have ''salouppe'' for a dirty person, a lice-ridden wretch;^(TLFi)^(BHVF)^(DHLF 1992) Cotgrave in 1611 records ''saloppe'' as a word of Orléans, for a slattern.^(TLFi)^(BHVF)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As an adjective it meant very dirty, of a person of either sex (1690, Furetière), a sense that has disappeared in France but lives on in Quebec (''petite salope'', said to a grubby little girl).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) From dirt the word passed to moral filth: in 1775 a police interrogation records it as an insult to a woman, and it meant a loose woman, then a prostitute (1808).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)^(BHVF) From Zola (1877) it was used as a general insult for a woman and linked to [[salaud]], of which it became the feminine; it is also used as an insult to a man.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) The masculine ''salop'' appears in Flaubert in 1837, and the derivatives include ''saloperie'' (1694) and ''salopette'' (1834).^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1607 – ''Salouppe'', a dirty person, in Sigogne.^(TLFi)

+ * 1611 – ''Saloppe'', in Cotgrave.^(TLFi)

+ * 1690 – The adjective, in Furetière.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1694 – ''Saloperie''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1775 – An insult to a woman.^(TLFi)^(BHVF)

+ * 1808 – “Prostitute”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1877 – A general insult, in Zola.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(vulgar, offensive)'' A promiscuous woman, a [[m|en|slut]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''(vulgar, offensive)'' A contemptible woman; the feminine of [[salaud]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(vulgar)'' An insult to a man, questioning his manhood or honesty.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(archaic)'' A very dirty woman, a [[m|en|slattern]].^(Larousse)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(very familiar)'' Of a woman, behaving in a contemptible, disloyal way: ''elle a été salope avec moi''.^(Larousse)

+ # ''(archaic)'' Very dirty, ''(literary)'' vile: ''les salopes et implacables puissances'' (Bloy).^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[saloper]]

+ * [[saloperie]]

+ * [[salopette]]

+ * [[salopard]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sale]]

+ * [[salaud]]

+ * [[huppe]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}