tombe French · revision 17700

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1130, Énéas|origins=grc τύμβος}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /tɔ̃b/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tombe''' ''f'' (plural tombes)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''tumbe'', ''tombe''.^(Wiktionary)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It continues [[inh|la-ecc|tumba]], used by Prudentius in the 4th century, borrowed from [[grc|τύμβος|tr=túmbos|t=burial mound; tomb]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005) The Greek word, which first named the mound over a grave, may be related to Latin [[m|la|tumulus|t=mound]] and [[m|la|tumeō|t=to swell]] and to a root expressing swelling, but its suffix does not match an Indo-European type.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) Cognate with [[it|tomba]], [[oc|tomba]], [[ca|tomba]], [[es|tumba]] and [[pt|tumba]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Roman d'Énéas'' (about 1130) has it for the place where a dead person is buried;^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi) Wace uses it about 1150.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ About 1180 Marie de France writes of a widow mourning ''desur sa tumbe'' night and day.^(TLFi) By metonymy it named the tombstone (1311).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) As a symbol of death it appears in ''avoir un pied dans la tombe'' (Ronsard, 1555), ''suivre quelqu'un dans la tombe'' (1643) and ''être au bord de la tombe'' (1646).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Muet comme une tombe'' dates from 1801, and ''se retourner dans sa tombe'', of a dead person imagined to be outraged, from Bernanos in 1938.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) The diminutive [[tombeau]] (13th century, earlier ''tombel'') names a funeral monument.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) ''Outre-tombe'' seems to have been coined by Chateaubriand for his ''Mémoires d'outre-tombe''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1130 – In ''Énéas''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * c. 1180 – ''Sur sa tumbe'', in Marie de France.^(TLFi)

+ * 1311 – A tombstone.^(TLFi)

+ * 1555 – ''Avoir un pied dans la tombe'', in Ronsard.^(TLFi)

+ * 1801 – ''Muet comme une tombe''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1938 – ''Se retourner dans sa tombe'', in Bernanos.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|grave|alt=grave]], the place where a dead person is buried, usually covered with a slab: ''les tombes d'un cimetière'', ''se recueillir sur la tombe de quelqu'un''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # A tombstone, a funeral monument.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Death: ''avoir un pied dans la tombe'', ''suivre quelqu'un dans la tombe''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Il doit se retourner dans sa tombe'': he would turn in his grave, ''muet comme une tombe'': as silent as the grave.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[tombeau]]

+ * [[tombal]]

+ * [[tombelle]]

+ * [[outre-tombe]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tumulus]]

+ * [[catacombe]]

+ * [[grc|τύμβος|tr=túmbos]]

+ * [[en|tomb]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}