fortune French · revision 17699

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1130, Énéas|origins=la fors}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /fɔʁ.tyn/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fortune''' ''f'' (plural fortunes)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|fortūna|t=chance, fate; luck; condition]], in the plural “goods, wealth”, the name of the goddess of chance, derived from [[m|la|fors|t=chance]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) Cognate with [[it|fortuna]], [[oc|fortuna]], [[ca|fortuna]], [[es|fortuna]], [[pt|fortuna]] and [[ro|furtună|t=storm]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Roman d'Énéas'' (about 1130–1160) uses it for the power thought to hand out good and bad luck, and for its allegorical figure.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Brunetto Latini (1265) uses it for chance, and Fortune's wheel turns in ''Berte'' and in Brunetto, who says she is blind.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873) From about 1360 came ''bonne'' and ''mauvaise fortune'';^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) ''dire la bonne fortune'', to tell fortunes (1636), has gone, but ''dîner à la fortune du pot'', to take potluck, is recorded in 1762, and ''avoir de bonnes fortunes'', success with women, before 1648.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) The sense “misfortune” goes back to popular Latin; in French it took the special sense “storm at sea” in the 13th century, as in Old Provençal ''fortuna de ven'', whence ''fortune de mer'' and ''voile de fortune'' (1678).^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935) ''Faire contre mauvaise fortune bon cœur'' dates from 1678.^(DHLF 1992) The sense “wealth” comes from ''fortune d'or'' (1270), gold found by chance, and is general from the 15th century (Montaigne, 1580).^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) ''De fortune'', “makeshift”, is a 20th-century use.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1130 – The power of chance, in ''Énéas''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1265 – “Chance”, in Brunetto Latini.^(TLFi)

+ * 1270 – ''Fortune d'or'', gold found by chance.^(TLFi)

+ * Early 15th century – “Misfortune”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1580 – “Wealth”, in Montaigne.^(TLFi)

+ * 1678 – ''Faire contre mauvaise fortune bon cœur'', ''voile de fortune''.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1762 – ''À la fortune du pot''.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(literary)'' The power thought to deal out good and bad luck; [[m|en|fate|alt=fate]]: ''la fortune sourit aux audacieux''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(mythology)'' The goddess Fortune, shown blindfold on a wheel: ''la roue de la Fortune''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # [[m|en|luck|alt=Luck]], good or bad: ''bonne'', ''mauvaise fortune'', ''faire contre mauvaise fortune bon cœur''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # The fate or success of something: ''la fortune d'une pièce de théâtre''.^(Larousse)

+ # [[m|en|wealth|alt=Wealth]], all of a person's possessions: ''la fortune nationale''; a very rich person: ''les plus grandes fortunes''.^(Larousse)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''De fortune'': makeshift, ''à la fortune du pot'': without ceremony.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(nautical)'' ''Fortune de mer'': an accident at sea, ''voile de fortune'': a jury sail.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[fortuné]]

+ * [[infortune]]

+ * [[infortuné]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fortuit]]

+ * [[la|fortūna]]

+ * [[en|fortune]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}