verser French · revision 17695

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland|origins=la vertō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /vɛʁ.se/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''verser'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|versō|t=to turn often; to stir; to knock about]], the frequentative of [[m|la|vertō|t=to turn]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The Latin verb [[m|la|vertō|alt=vertere]] continues an older form with ⟨o⟩, and its Indo-European stem is found in Sanskrit and Germanic.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) Cognate with [[ro|vărsa]], [[it|versare]], [[oc|versar]] and [[ca|vessar]], all meaning “to pour”.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Chanson de Roland'' uses it intransitively for falling over, and also transitively: ''Rumpent ces cengles, e cez seles verserent'', “they break the girths and overturn the saddles”.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old French it meant to throw someone down and to fall, senses later taken over by [[renverser]], and also “to change” (1172–1174).^(DHLF 1992) About 1175 Chrétien de Troyes uses it for pouring a liquid, poison into a crystal cup in ''Cligès'', the sense that became the main one.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In the 13th century it meant to plough (whence ''versoir'') and, of wind and rain, to flatten crops (about 1265, Jean de Meun).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) Of a carriage it means to tip over (1471), and Beaumanoir (1283) speaks of a man killed ''par le verser de sa karete''.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) ''Verser des larmes'' is in La Fontaine (1668), ''verser le sang'' from the end of the 16th century, and ''pleuvoir à verse'' from 1640.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) ''Versement'', a payment, dates from 1695, and ''verser'' is used for paying money into an account.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – “To overturn, fall”, in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1175 – “To pour”, in Chrétien de Troyes.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1265 – Of crops flattened by rain.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1283 – ''Le verser de sa karete'', in Beaumanoir.^(TLFi)

+ * 1471 – Of a vehicle tipping over.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1640 – ''Pleuvoir à la verse''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1668 – ''Verser des larmes'', in La Fontaine.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1695 – ''Versement'', a payment.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|pour|alt=pour]] a liquid from a container: ''verser du vin dans un verre'', ''verser le café'', ''verser à boire''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # To pour out a solid: ''verser du blé dans un sac''.^(Littré 1873)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # To shed: ''verser des larmes'', ''verser le sang''.^(Le Robert)^(Littré 1873)

+ # To [[m|en|pay|alt=pay]] money, to pay it into an account or fund.^(Wiktionary)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ # To tip over, overturn; to flatten crops: ''l'orage a versé les blés''.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[versement]]

+ * [[verseur]]

+ * [[verseuse]]

+ * [[versoir]]

+ * [[verse]]

+ * [[averse]]

+ * [[déverser]]

+ * [[reverser]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[renverser]]

+ * [[versant]]

+ * [[la|versō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}