surgir French · revision 17691

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1423, Ghillebert de Lannoy|origins=la surgō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /syʁ.ʒiʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''surgir'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|surgō|t=to raise; to rise, get up]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The Latin verb is a contraction of [[m|la|surrigō]], from [[m|la|sub-|t=up from under]] and [[m|la|regō|t=to direct, guide]].^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) By sound change the same Latin verb gave the inherited [[sourdre]], which the borrowed verb partly replaced.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The verb came into French twice.^(DHLF 1992) The old nautical sense “to drop anchor, put into port” ([[m|frm|sourgir]], 1423) was taken, according to Bloch and Wartburg, from [[pro|sorgir|t=to anchor]], recorded about 1300, rather than from Spanish [[m|es|surgir]];^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(TLFi) the Grand Robert links it with the Catalan and Spanish verbs, “to rise up from the sea”, hence “to land”.^(Grand Robert 2005) The modern sense “to appear suddenly” is a separate learned borrowing of the Latin verb, isolated in 1553 and established from 1808.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Ghillebert de Lannoy (1423) uses ''sourgir'' of large ships anchoring at a good harbour; in 1497 ''surgir'' means to come into port.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The nautical ''surgir au port'' or ''surgir à bon port'' (Rabelais, 1552) was used figuratively by Lamartine for reaching one's goal; it is now archaic.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005) A single 1553 example of “to rise up suddenly into view” stayed isolated, and Rabelais's present participle ''surgeant'' (1564) is a Latinism.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Boiste recorded the modern sense in 1808, and it was still rare before the second half of the 19th century.^(Grand Robert 2005) It took over several senses of [[sourdre]]: said of a person (1823), of an abstract thing (1831), of a building rising from the ground (1875) and of images coming to mind (late 19th century).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) The noun [[surgissement]] dates from 1863.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1423 – ''Sourgir'' “to anchor” in Ghillebert de Lannoy.^(TLFi)

+ * 1497 – ''Surgir'' “to put into port”.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1552 – ''Surgir à bon port'' in Rabelais.^(TLFi)

+ * 1553 – Isolated example of “to appear by rising up”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1808 – Boiste records the modern sense.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(TLFi)

+ * 1823 – Of a person appearing suddenly.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1863 – The noun ''surgissement''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To appear or arise suddenly by rising up or coming out of something: ''un arbre qui surgit du sol''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # Of a living being, to [[m|en|appear]] suddenly: ''le loup surgit''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To come up, [[m|en|crop up]]: ''des difficultés surgissent''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''(nautical, archaic)'' To put into port: ''surgir à bon port''.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sourdre]]

+ * [[la|surgō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}