samedi French · revision 17689

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=early 12th century, Voyage de saint Brendan|origins=hbo שבת}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /sam.di/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /sa.m(ə).di/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''samedi''' ''m'' (plural samedis)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|samadi]] (about 1120), reduced from ''sambedi'';^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) ''sethmedi'' about 1200.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) The Académie wrote ''samedy'' in 1694 and 1718, ''samedi'' from 1740.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|samedi]], a reduced form of [[m|fro|sambedi]], [[inh|la-vul|*sambatī diēs|t=day of the Sabbath]].^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The Latin phrase joins [[m|la|diēs|t=day]] and the genitive of [[m|la-vul|*sambatum]], a variant of Greek origin of [[la|sabbatum|t=Sabbath]], from [[grc|σάββατον|tr=sábbaton]], ultimately from [[hbo|שבת|tr=šabbāṯ]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary) The reduction is attributed to the influence of Old French [[m|fro|seme|t=seventh]], from [[m|la|septimus]]; [[m|fro|semedi]] is found in the north-east and the longer form survives in Franche-Comté.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ The TLFi thinks the form with ⟨mb⟩ spread from Christian Greek-speaking circles such as Lyon and Trier, and that in the 4th century it replaced [[m|la|diēs Sāturnī|t=Saturn's day]], which survives in [[en|Saturday]] and [[nl|zaterdag]].^(TLFi) Bloch and Wartburg and the DHLF see the same form behind [[ro|sâmbătă]], [[goh|sambaztag]] and the Slavic names, and suppose it came from the Balkans along the Danube and the Rhine with an early wave of Christianization.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) The other Romance languages continue the Latin word: [[it|sabato]], [[es|sábado]], [[ca|dissabte]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ ''Samadi'' and ''samedi'' appear in the ''Voyage de saint Brendan'' (early 12th century), naming the seventh day of the week.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the ecclesiastical calendar the word names the seventh day of the week, corresponding to the Jewish Sabbath;^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) ''samedi saint'', the day before Easter, is recorded by Furetière in 1690.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) Littré records the jocular ''il est né un samedi'' for a lazy person, and ''cela sent le samedi'' for something done in haste.^(Littré 1873) The Petit Robert now counts it the sixth day of the week, with Sunday last.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Early 12th century – ''Samadi'' in the ''Voyage de saint Brendan''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1155 – ''Samedi'' in Wace.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * c. 1200 – ''Sethmedi de la paske'' in the ''Dialogue Grégoire''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1690 – Furetière records ''samedi saint''.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1740 – The Académie adopts the spelling ''samedi''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Saturday]], the day after Friday.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Samedi saint'': Holy Saturday, the eve of [[Pâques|alt=Easter]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(Judaism)'' The day of the [[sabbat|alt=Sabbath]].^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ # ''(by metonymy)'' A gathering held on Saturdays: ''les samedis de la baronne''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sabbat]]

+ * [[la|sabbatum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}