fournir French · revision 17675

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=1119, Philippe de Thaon, Comput|origins=frk *frumjan}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /fuʁ.niʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fournir'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|furnir]] (1119), [[m|fro|fornir]] (about 1130); ''fournir'' from the 13th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|furnir]], [[inh|frk|*frumjan|t=to carry out, accomplish]].^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|15/2, 182b) Compare [[goh|frummen|alt=frumman]] “to accomplish”, [[osx|frummian]] and [[de|frommen|t=to be of use]].^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Old Occitan [[m|pro|formir]] and an Old Tuscan cognate continue the Germanic form directly;^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) French and [[it|fornire]] replaced ⟨m⟩ with ⟨n⟩ under the influence of [[garnir]], of very similar meaning.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ Pierre Guiraud proposed instead a popular derivative of [[la|fōrmō|t=to shape]], meaning “to complete a form” with the accessories it needs.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) Littré reports an older derivation from [[la|furnus|t=oven]].^(Littré 1873) The Old French verb also gave [[en|furnish]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In Philippe de Thaon's ''Comput'' (1119) ''furnir'' means to complete, to add what is needed so that nothing is lacking.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From “to complete” came “to carry out, produce” (about 1160, ''Eneas''), and the Old French texts use it for founding a city and forming an army.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) In the same years it took its main modern sense, to deliver or provide (about 1160), and to supply someone with something (1174–76).^(TLFi) ''Fournir à'', to provide for something, is found about 1377.^(TLFi)

+

+ The old sense “to complete” lasted into the classical period, as in ''fournir la carrière'' (1671), to run the whole course.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi) At cards ''fournir'' means to follow suit (1865, Littré).^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary) The participle ''fourni'' means well stocked (1611) and, of hair or woods, thick (1690).^(TLFi) Derivatives include [[fourniture]] (1306), [[fournisseur]] (1415) and [[fourniment]] (1260).^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1119 – ''Furnir'' “to complete” in Philippe de Thaon.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1160 – “To deliver, procure”, in ''Eneas''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1174–76 – “To supply”, in Guernes de Pont-Sainte-Maxence.^(TLFi)

+ * 1306 – The noun ''fourniture''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1415 – ''Fournisseur''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1538 – Estienne: ''fournir de qqc.''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1671 – ''Fournir la carrière''.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|supply]], provide (someone) with what is needed: ''fournir un restaurant en vins'', ''se fournir chez un commerçant''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To give, [[m|en|provide]] (something to someone): ''fournir le vivre et le couvert''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To produce, put in (an effort, a piece of work): ''fournir un effort''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To present (a document, a proof): ''fournir des preuves''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(card games)'' To [[m|en|follow suit]].^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''Fournir à'': to provide for, meet (expenses, needs).^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[fournisseur]]

+ * [[fourniture]]

+ * [[fourniment]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[garnir]]

+ * [[en|furnish]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}