retraite French · revision 17651

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=late 12th century, Moniage Guillaume|origins=la trahō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁə.tʁɛt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''retraite''' ''f'' (plural retraites)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the feminine past participle of the old verb [[m|fr|retraire|t=to withdraw]], used as a noun.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007) The verb continues [[la|retrahō|t=to draw back]], from [[m|la|re-|t=back]] and [[m|la|trahō|t=to draw]], the source of [[traire]].^(REW 1935)^(Petit Robert 2007) Compare the masculine [[retrait]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the ''Moniage Guillaume'' (late 12th century) it means the act of drawing back, a dodge.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In military use ''sonner la retraite'', to sound the signal to leave the battlefield, is in the ''Faits des Romains'' (1213), and ''battre en retraite'' in Pomey (1671); the evening signal for troops to return to quarters gave the ''retraite aux flambeaux'', a torchlight tattoo (1875).^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) Gaston Phébus (1387–89) uses ''corner retraite'' in hunting.^(TLFi)

+

+ About 1470 it named a place where one withdraws or takes refuge, and, from Montaigne (1580) withdrawal from active or worldly life.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) The Cardinal de Retz (about 1673) uses it for a period of religious seclusion.^(GLLF 1989) From that came, for officers (1752) and civil servants (1768), the leaving of active service, and the pension paid for it;^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989) ''retraité'' dates from 1823 and ''caisse de retraite'' from 1845.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 12th century – “Act of drawing back”, in the ''Moniage Guillaume''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1213 – ''Sonner la retraite''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1470 – A place of refuge, in Chastellain.^(TLFi)

+ * 1580 – Montaigne: withdrawal from active life.^(TLFi)

+ * 1671 – ''Battre en retraite''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1673 – Retz: a religious retreat.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1752 – Retirement of officers.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1823 – ''Retraité''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(military)'' A [[m|en|retreat]], the withdrawal of an army: ''battre en retraite''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A signal for troops to return to quarters, ''retraite aux flambeaux'', a torchlight procession.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # [[m|en|retirement|alt=Retirement]] from work: ''prendre sa retraite'', ''être à la retraite''.^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # A retirement [[m|en|pension]]: ''toucher sa retraite'', ''caisse de retraite''.^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # A period of withdrawal for prayer and meditation: ''faire une retraite''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(literary)'' A place where one withdraws, a [[m|en|refuge]].^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[retraiter]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[retrait]]

+ * [[retirer]]

+ * [[traire]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A second ''retraite'' (1723), formed from [[re-]] and [[traite]], is a commercial term for a redraft, a new bill of exchange drawn by an unpaid holder; the Grand Robert and the TLFi give it a numbered entry of its own.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}