joindre French · revision 17643

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland|origins=la iungō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʒwɛ̃dʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''joindre'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|joindre]], [[inh|la|iungō|t=to yoke; to join, unite]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|5, 67a) The Latin verb belongs to the Indo-European group of [[m|la|iugum|t=yoke]], the source of [[joug]]: from the precise first sense “to harness” it widened to “to unite in pairs, bind, assemble”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) Wiktionary traces it to [[ine-pro|*yewg-|t=to join]], the root also of [[sa|युज्|tr=yuj|t=to join]] and [[grc|ζυγόν|tr=zugón|t=yoke]].^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ Cognate with [[pro|jonher]], [[ca|junyir]], [[es|uncir]] and [[it|giungere|alt=giugnere]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) it describes hands joined in prayer, ''Cuntre le ciel ambesdous ses mains juintes'', and in the gesture of homage: ''Qu'il devendrat jointes ses mains tis hom''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Until the 17th century ''joindre'' also expressed movement, “to reach, catch up with”, intransitively (1080), transitively and in the pronominal form (1174–76), often with a hostile, warlike nuance; it lost this value to the prefixed verb ''rejoindre''.^(DHLF 1992) From the 11th century it had its now usual sense of uniting two things, first of limbs (''joindre les mains, les pieds''); about 1135 it meant to make one thing touch another.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ About 1170 (''Livre des Rois'') it meant to unite, and in the 13th century to bind by a moral tie.^(GLLF 1989) ''Joindre les deux bouts'', to make ends meet, is recorded by the Académie in 1762, after ''joindre un bout de l'année avec l'autre'' (1694).^(GLLF 1989) The sense “to contact someone, get in touch” has become common: ''joindre quelqu'un par téléphone''.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007) Derivatives include [[joint]], [[jointure]], [[rejoindre]] and [[disjoindre]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – ''Mains juintes'' in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1135 – To make one thing touch another.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1170 – To unite, in the ''Livre des Rois''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1580 – Montaigne: of places, to adjoin.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+ * 1694 – ''Joindre un bout de l'année avec l'autre''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1762 – ''Joindre les deux bouts''.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To put together so as to touch or hold: ''joindre deux planches'', ''joindre les mains''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To unite, [[m|en|combine]]: ''joindre l'utile à l'agréable'', ''joindre le geste à la parole''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To add, [[m|en|attach]] (to): ''joindre une pièce à un dossier''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To get in touch with, [[m|en|reach]] (someone): ''joindre quelqu'un par téléphone''.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''Joindre les deux bouts'': to make ends meet.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''Se joindre à'': to join (a group, a movement).^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[adjoindre]]

+ * [[disjoindre]]

+ * [[joignable]]

+ * [[joint]]

+ * [[jointure]]

+ * [[rejoindre]]

+ * [[déjoindre]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[joug]]

+ * [[jonction]]

+ * [[la|iungō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}