conclure French · revision 17641

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1120, Oxford Psalter|origins=la claudō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /kɔ̃.klyʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''conclure'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|conclūdō|t=to shut up, enclose; to end; to infer]], formed from [[m|la|cum|t=with]] and [[m|la|claudō|t=to close]], the source of [[clore]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|2, 1010b) In Church Latin it was used for making peace.^(DHLF 1992) Wiktionary treats the Old French verb as already borrowed.^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[pro|concluire]], [[es|concluir]] and [[it|conchiudere]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the Oxford Psalter (early 12th century) it means to shut in, enclose.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The sense “to enclose”, still used figuratively in the 16th century for shutting someone in an argument, went out of use before the 17th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) It was replaced by the abstract sense of establishing what follows from earlier arguments (Brunetto Latini, about 1260), which also prevailed over “to decide” (15th century, Commynes).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) In Old French and Anglo-Norman it also meant to defeat someone in argument, to convict.^(AND)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ The verb took up the Latin sense of negotiating to an end: ''alliance conclute'' (1513), a peace, then a bargain.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) Used absolutely, ''concluez !'' was said to a long-winded lawyer (Furetière, 1690).^(TLFi) In informal use ''conclure'' also means to have sex with someone.^(Wiktionary) Derivatives are [[concluant]] and [[conclusion]].^(Wiktionary)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1120 – “To enclose”, in the Oxford Psalter.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1260 – Brunetto Latini: to draw a conclusion.^(TLFi)

+ * 15th century – Commynes: ''conclure de'', to decide.^(TLFi)

+ * 1513 – ''Alliance conclute''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1549 – Estienne: ''conclure à la mort''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1690 – Furetière: ''concluez !''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To bring to an end by agreement; to [[m|en|conclude]]: ''conclure un accord, la paix'', ''marché conclu !''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To infer, [[m|en|deduce]]: ''j'en conclus que…''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''Conclure à'': to come to a conclusion in favour of.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # To end (a speech, a book).^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(informal)'' To score, to have sex with someone.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[concluant]]

+ * [[conclusion]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[reclure]]

+ * [[inclure]]

+ * [[occlure]]

+ * [[exclure]]

+ * [[clore]]

+ * [[la|conclūdō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}