abri French · revision 17625

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1170, Livre des Rois|origins=la aprīcus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /a.bʁi/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''abri''' ''m'' (plural abris)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a noun derived from the old verb [[m|fro|abrier|t=to shelter, cover]], found in Judeo-French in the 11th century and generally from the 13th.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The verb comes from [[la-lat|aprīcō|t=to warm in the sun]], a variant of Classical Latin [[m|la|aprīcor]], from [[m|la|aprīcus|t=exposed to the sun]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|25, 57a) The Romans associated the adjective with [[m|la|aperiō|t=to open]], “a place open to the sun”, but its origin is obscure.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ The verb must have meant “to put oneself in the sun out of the cold and wind”, hence “to shelter” in general;^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873) Bloch and Wartburg support this with the old sense “to warm” of [[es|abrigar]] and with dialects that use the phrase for shelter only of the wind.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873) Cognate with [[pro|abric]], [[ca|abric]] and [[es|abrigo]].^(REW 1935)^(Littré 1873) Wiktionary gives a different source, Late Latin [[m|la-lat|abrigō]], from [[frk|*biwrīhan|t=to cover, protect]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ About 1170, in the ''Livre des Rois'', people enter an enclosure ''pur abri aveir'' when storm and rain come: a covered place protecting from the rain.^(Littré 1873)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The sense of a covered place protecting from rain replaced the Latin idea of a place for warming oneself in the sun.^(DHLF 1992) In the 13th century it took the abstract value of a refuge or moral protection, and in sailors' language it named a sheltered anchorage (1678).^(DHLF 1992) ''En l'abri de'' (12th century) gave way to ''à l'abri de'' (1564).^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) The verb [[abriter]] was formed in the 15th century to replace ''abrier'', which had disappeared, though it survives in Normandy for “to cover”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) In Canadian French ''abri d'auto'' is a carport.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1170 – ''Abri'' in the ''Livre des Rois''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+ * c. 1235 – Anglo-Norman ''abri'', a shelter from the weather.^(AND)

+ * 13th century – “Refuge, moral protection”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1489 – The verb ''abriter''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1564 – ''À l'abri de''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1678 – A sheltered anchorage.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|shelter]], a place protecting people or things from bad weather or danger: ''chercher un abri sous un arbre''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A rough or temporary dwelling: ''un abri de fortune''; a ''[[sans-abri]]'' is a homeless person.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # A roofed structure for travellers, as at a bus stop.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(military)'' A [[m|en|dugout]] or air-raid shelter: ''abri antiatomique''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Protection from danger or hardship.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''À l'abri (de)'': sheltered (from), safe (from).^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abriter]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[abribus]]

+ * [[sans-abri]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}