subir French · revision 17621

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1481|origins=la sub, la eō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /sy.biʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''subir'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a learned borrowing, [[bor|la|subeō|t=to go under; to come up; to take upon oneself, undergo]], first in its legal use for undergoing a penalty.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The Latin verb is formed from [[m|la|sub-|t=under]] and [[m|la|eō|t=to go]], whose future gave the future of French [[aller]].^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) Compare [[es|subir|t=to go up]], which kept another Latin sense.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in 1481 in ''subir jugement'', to come under the jurisdiction of a court.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Taken up again in 1567, after [[souffrir]] and before [[supporter]] in this use, it meant to be subjected to an action or power one cannot escape; hence ''subir la question'' (1718) and ''subir une épreuve'' (1835).^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007) By extension it meant to submit willingly to something trying, as in ''subir un examen'' (1690) or ''subir un interrogatoire'' (1657).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ In the 19th century it was used of feelings and impressions (1818, Nodier, ''subir le charme'', 1833) and of putting up with a person (1840, Scribe).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) With a thing as subject it means to undergo a change, from Buffon (1772).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1481 – ''Subir jugement'', a legal phrase.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1567 – “To be subjected to (something painful)”.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1657 – ''Subir interrogatoire''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1690 – ''Subir un examen''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1772 – Buffon: of a thing undergoing changes.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1833 – ''Subir le charme d'une femme''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1840 – Scribe: to put up with a person.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To be subjected to (an action, a power, a constraint one has not chosen); to [[m|en|suffer]], [[m|en|endure]]: ''subir une défaite'', ''subir les conséquences''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|undergo]] (an operation, a test, an examination).^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To feel the effect of: ''subir le charme de quelqu'un''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # To put up with (an unwelcome person).^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # Of a thing, to undergo (a change, a modification).^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(absolute)'' To remain passive: ''il faut agir, et non subir''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[subit]]

+ * [[soudain]]

+ * [[la|subeō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}