palais French · revision 17618

+ French has two words ''palais'': the palace, from [[la|palātium]], and the palate, from Latin [[m|la|palātum]], whose form was altered under the influence of the first.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

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+ {{homograph|1|palace}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1050, Vie de saint Alexis|origins=la Palātium}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /pa.lɛ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''palais''' ''m'' (invariable)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|paleis]] (1050); ''palais'' from about 1160.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The palace is [[inh|fro|paleis]], [[inh|la|palātium]], which properly named the Palatine Hill in Rome.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Augustus built his house on the Palatine, and the name passed to the imperial residence, then to all imperial palaces, even outside Rome, and to the residences of governors.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) It is a doublet of [[en|palace]].^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[it|palazzo]], [[pro|palatz]], [[ca|palau]], [[es|palacio]] and [[pt|paço]].^(REW 1935)^(Littré 1873)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Vie de saint Alexis'' (about 1050) speaks of ''mes granz paleis de Rome la citet''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ About 1140 the ''Voyage de Charlemagne'' uses it for a king's residence; by extension it meant the people living there (''dames du palais'', Sévigné, 1674).^(TLFi) Because the Paris palace, an old royal residence, housed the law courts, Villon in 1461 uses it for the courts, whence ''palais de justice'' and the old ''gens du palais'', lawyers (1549).^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989) Its use for the house of a rich private person, like the Palais Mazarin, does not appear before the 16th–17th century, perhaps under the influence of [[it|palazzo]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005) From Voltaire's ''palais des sciences'' (1759) it named large public buildings: ''palais des Sports''.^(TLFi)^(Le Robert) The ''maires du palais'' were the chief officers of the Frankish kings.^(Petit Robert 2007)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1050 – ''Paleis'' in the ''Vie de saint Alexis''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1140 – A king's residence.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1160 – The form ''palais''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1461 – The law courts, in Villon.^(TLFi)

+ * 1558 – A rich private person's house, after Italian ''palazzo''.^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1674 – ''Dames du palais''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1759 – A public building, in Voltaire.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|palace|alt=palace]], the large and luxurious residence of a head of State or a great person: ''le palais de l'Élysée'', ''révolution de palais''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # A luxurious private house: ''sa villa est un véritable palais''.^(Larousse)

+ # A large public building: ''le palais des Sports'', ''le palais des Expositions''.^(Le Robert)^(Larousse)

+ # ''Palais de justice'', ''le Palais'': the law courts, ''jours de palais'', days on which the courts sit.^(Le Robert)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(history)'' The residence of the Frankish kings: ''les maires du palais''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

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+ {{homograph|2|palate}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=first half of the 12th century, Cambridge Psalter|origins=la palātum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /pa.lɛ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''palais''' ''m'' (invariable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The palate continues [[inh|la-vul|*palātium]], a Gallo-Roman alteration of classical [[la|palātum|t=palate]] under the influence of the word for the palace.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) Meillet thought the Latin word perhaps Etruscan, and the palace's name might share that origin.^(Grand Robert 2005) Littré explains the confusion: the regular form would have been close to the very familiar word for the palace, with which it merged;^(Littré 1873) Diez instead thought the word for the palace had passed to the sense “vault”, then “roof of the mouth”.^(Littré 1873) [[it|palato]] and [[es|paladar]] continue the classical word.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Cambridge Psalter (first half of the 12th century) has it for the roof of the mouth.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ By metonymy it has meant the sense of taste since about 1220 (''Fains escommueve ton palais Et non pas savors de palais'', in a translation of Martin of Braga).^(TLFi) By 1738 it could stand for a person with a fine sense of taste: ''le palais le plus savant''.^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * First half of the 12th century – The roof of the mouth.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1220 – The sense of taste.^(TLFi)

+ * 1738 – A person with a fine palate.^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|palate|alt=palate]], the roof of the mouth: ''voûte du palais'', ''voile du palais''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # The sense of taste: ''avoir le palais fin''.^(Larousse)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[palatin]]

+ * [[palatal]]

+ * [[la|palātium]]

+ * [[en|palace]]

+ * [[en|palate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}