rang French · revision 17612

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland|origins=gem-pro *hringaz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (France): /ʁɑ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Quebec): /ʁã/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rang''' ''m'' (plural rangs)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|renc]] (1080), [[m|fro|ranc]];^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary) ''rang'' from about 1175 (Chrétien de Troyes).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|renc]], from [[frk|*hring|t=ring, circle]], from [[gem-pro|*hringaz]], the source of [[de|Ring]] and [[en|ring]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) The Frankish word must have meant an assembly, judicial or military, held in a circle according to Germanic custom, whence the idea of people arranged in an assembly, then of order and hierarchy.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The same Germanic word is behind [[harangue]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) The word is only Gallo-Romance;^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007) the English [[m|en|rank]] and the German [[m|de|Rang]] were borrowed from French.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007) Scheler's idea of a nasalized form of Latin [[m|la|rēgula]] is not followed.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Chanson de Roland'' has ''renc'' for a line of warriors: ''Turpins de Reims en est levet del renc''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Chrétien de Troyes (1165–1170) uses it for the lists of a joust, whence ''se mettre al renc'' (1170), and figuratively ''se mettre sur les rangs'', to put oneself forward as a candidate (1678).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) From the army came ''serrer les rangs'' (1636), ''les rangs'' for the men of an army (1869), ''le rang'', the ranks as opposed to officers (1893), ''sortir du rang'' (1893) and ''rentrer dans le rang'' (1918).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) From the 14th century it named any row of people or things, as in ''un rang de perles'' (1690) and a row of knitting (Colette, 1910).^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989) The sense “place in an order or hierarchy”, and social rank, followed.^(DHLF 1992)^(Larousse) In Quebec a ''rang'' is a line of long narrow farm lots and the road that serves them (1698).^(BHVF)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – ''Renc'', a line of warriors, in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1165–1170 – The jousting lists, in Chrétien de Troyes.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1175 – The form ''rang''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1636 – ''Serrer les rangs''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1678 – ''Se mettre sur les rangs'', in La Fontaine.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1698 – A ''rang'' of farms in New France.^(BHVF)

+ * 1893 – ''Sortir du rang''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1918 – ''Rentrer dans le rang''.^(TLFi)^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|row|alt=row]] of people or things side by side: ''un rang de fauteuils'', ''collier à trois rangs de perles'', ''au premier rang''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''(military)'' A line of soldiers, ''les rangs'', the army, ''le rang'', the men as opposed to officers: ''serrer les rangs'', ''sortir du rang'', ''rentrer dans le rang''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A place in an order or a ranking: ''classer par rang de taille''.^(Larousse)

+ # [[m|en|rank|alt=Rank]], position in a hierarchy, social standing.^(Larousse)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(knitting)'' A row of stitches.^(Le Robert)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Quebec)'' A row of long narrow farm lots and the road serving them.^(Wiktionary)^(BHVF)

+ # ''De rang'': in a row, on end: ''dormir dix heures de rang''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ranger]]

+ * [[rangée]]

+ * [[arranger]]

+ * [[déranger]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[harangue]]

+ * [[ring]]

+ * [[en|rank]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}