repousser French · revision 17602

+ The Robert dictionaries give two verbs ''repousser'', both formed on [[pousser]], with the prefix [[re-]] in the sense “back” and in the sense “again”.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)

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+ {{homograph|1|push back}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1375, Cuvelier|origins=la pulsō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁə.pu.se/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''repousser'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ To push back is formed [[af|fr|re-|pousser]], with the prefix meaning “back”.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(DHLF 1992) Wiktionary also mentions Late Latin [[m|la-lat|repulsō]].^(Wiktionary) The simple verb continues [[la|pulsō|t=to push, beat]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935) The new verb took over the sense “to drive away” of the Latin simple verb.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Jean Cuvelier's ''Chronique de Bertrand du Guesclin'' (about 1375) uses it for pushing people back: ''les a si repoussez, Qu'il se sont malgré eux arriere reculez''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The Gérard Bible of 1553 uses it for giving someone a bad welcome, and the sense “to push a thing back” is in Garnier (1579).^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) About 1650 it took the figurative sense “to refuse to yield to, to reject”, and in 1770 (Raynal) “to inspire disgust”.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) Old slang used ''repousser'' (1847), ''repousser du goulot'' (1878) for “to stink”.^(TLFi) Engravers and metalworkers use it for working a relief on metal from the back (about 1850), and painters for a colour that comes to dominate those around it (1870).^(DHLF 1992) The sense “to postpone” (Zola, 1887), though very common, is criticized by purists.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1375 – In Cuvelier.^(TLFi)

+ * 1429 – The derivative ''repoussoir''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1553 – “To give a bad welcome”, in the Gérard Bible.^(TLFi)

+ * 1579 – Pushing a thing back, in Garnier.^(TLFi)

+ * 1770 – “To repel, disgust”, in Raynal.^(TLFi)

+ * 1847 – “To stink”, in slang.^(TLFi)

+ * 1887 – “To postpone”, in Zola.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To push back, make someone draw back: ''il l'a repoussé d'une bourrade''; to [[m|en|repel|alt=repel]]: ''repousser l'ennemi, les attaques''.^(Le Robert)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To push something back or in the opposite direction.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # To turn away, give a bad welcome to; to [[m|en|reject]] an idea, an offer, a temptation.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # To [[m|en|disgust]], repel: ''il n'y a rien en lui qui me repousse''.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To [[m|en|postpone|alt=postpone]], put off.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(metalwork)'' To work a design in relief by hammering from the back.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[repoussant]]

+ * [[repoussoir]]

+ * [[repoussage]]

+ * [[repoussé]]

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+ {{homograph|2|grow again}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1600}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁə.pu.se/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''repousser'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ To grow again is formed [[af|fr|re-|pousser]], with the prefix meaning “again”, on the sense “to grow” of [[pousser]].^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007) Bloch and Wartburg note that this sense of the simple verb does not seem older than the 17th century.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Robert dictionaries date it to 1600;^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873) Olivier de Serres already speaks of the shoots that fruit trees ''repoussent à la prime-vere''.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

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+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To [[m|en|grow|alt=grow]] again: ''les feuilles repoussent'', ''laisser repousser sa barbe''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(transitive, rare)'' To put out again: ''cet arbre a repoussé de plus belles branches''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[répulsion]]

+ * [[pousser]]

+ * [[la|pulsō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}