échanger French · revision 17597

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1160–1174, Wace|origins=la-lat cambiō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒe/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''échanger'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|eschangier]];^(GLLF 1989) ''eschanger'' in the 13th century, ''échanger'' from the 17th.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The TLFi and Rey take it as formed in Old French from [[changer]] with the prefix [[é-]] (Latin [[m|la|ex-]]).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) Bloch and Wartburg and Wiktionary instead see [[inh|la-vul|*excambiō]], whose existence they hold to be assured by [[ro|schimba]], and compare [[it|scambiare]] and [[pro|escambiar]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) Either way it rests on Late Latin [[m|la-lat|cambiō|t=to exchange]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Wace uses ''eschangier'' in the ''Roman de Rou'' (1160–1174) for giving one thing and receiving another in return.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Beaumanoir in the 13th century lists ''escangier'' beside selling and giving, and Amyot in the 16th uses it for the exchange of prisoners, “man for man”.^(Littré 1873) With a plural subject it came to mean sending each other letters or messages (Féraud, 1787), and Balzac in 1830 uses it figuratively for exchanging words, smiles or insults.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) It is used in chess for exchanging pieces and in finance for currencies.^(DHLF 1992) In African French ''échanger'' without an object means to talk, to have a discussion.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1160–1174 – ''Eschangier'' in Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * 13th century – In Beaumanoir.^(Littré 1873)

+ * 16th century – The exchange of prisoners, in Amyot.^(Littré 1873)

+ * 1787 – Exchanging letters, in Féraud.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1798 – ''Échangeable'' in the Académie.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1830 – Exchanging words and smiles, in Balzac.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To give one thing and receive another in return; to [[m|en|exchange|alt=exchange]], [[m|en|swap]]: ''échanger une marchandise contre une autre''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(with a plural subject)'' To give each other: ''les mariés ont échangé leurs anneaux'', ''échanger des timbres''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # To send each other: ''échanger des lettres'', ''échanger des prisonniers''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To address to each other: ''échanger un regard, un sourire'', ''échanger des injures''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(African French)'' To talk, have a discussion.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[échange]]

+ * [[échangeable]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[changer]]

+ * [[change]]

+ * [[libre-échange]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Laundresses also said ''échanger'' for [[essanger]], to soak dirty linen before washing it; the Grand Robert dates this form from 1701, and Littré calls it a barbarism.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}