social French · revision 17594

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1355, Bersuire|origins=la socius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /sɔ.sjal/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''social''' (feminine sociale, masculine plural sociaux, feminine plural sociales)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|sociālis|t=of allies; made for society, sociable]], derived from [[m|la|socius|t=companion, ally]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) It was borrowed several times with different senses of the Latin word.^(DHLF 1992) The same Latin family gave [[société]] about two centuries earlier.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Pierre Bersuire's translation of Livy (1355) has ''social'' in the Latin sense “militarily allied”; this survives in ''guerre sociale'' (1636), Rome's war against its Italian allies.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Raoul de Presles's ''vie socielle'' (1375), the life of a citizen, became Charron's ''vie sociale'' (1601).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) About 1506 it was used of a person pleasant to others and fit for living in society (1530), senses later taken over by [[sociable]].^(DHLF 1992) From 1557 it meant “relating to society”, and ''vie sociale'', life in society, is recorded in 1683, in Bayle according to Bloch and Wartburg.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) It only became common in the 18th century, partly through Rousseau's ''Du contrat social'' (1762).^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989) Auguste Comte speaks of ''phénomènes sociaux'' in 1830; in the 19th century it took the sense, opposed to political, of what concerns the condition of the working classes (''question sociale'', 1834), the source of ''socialisme'' (1831) and ''socialiste''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) In company law ''siège social'' is a firm's registered office.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1355 – “Allied”, in Bersuire's Livy.^(TLFi)

+ * 1375 – ''Vie socielle'', the life of a citizen.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1506 – “Pleasant to others”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1557 – “Relating to society”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1636 – ''Guerre sociale'', in Monet.^(TLFi)

+ * 1762 – Rousseau's ''Du contrat social''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1830 – ''Phénomènes sociaux'', in Auguste Comte.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1831 – The derivative ''socialisme''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Relating to a [[société|alt=society]] and to the relations of its members: ''rapports sociaux'', ''les sciences sociales'', ''classe sociale''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # Living in societies: ''animaux sociaux''.^(Le Robert)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # Relating to the living and working conditions of the population, especially of workers: ''la question sociale'', ''sécurité sociale'', ''logement social''.^(Littré 1873)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(law, commerce)'' Relating to a company: ''siège social''.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(ancient history)'' Of allies: ''la guerre sociale''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''Le social'': social questions and the policies dealing with them.^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[socialement]]

+ * [[socialiser]]

+ * [[socialisme]]

+ * [[socialiste]]

+ * [[socialité]]

+ * [[social-démocrate]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sociétaire]]

+ * [[sociétal]]

+ * [[société]]

+ * [[socio-]]

+ * [[sociable]]

+ * [[associer]]

+ * [[la|socius]]

+ * [[en|social]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}