dessin French · revision 17586

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=1529, Geoffroy Tory|origins=la dēsignō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /de.sɛ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dessin''' ''m'' (plural dessins)^(Wiktionary)

+ Written ''desseing'' (1529), ''dessein'' (1548) and ''desing'' (1549);^(TLFi) Richelet in 1680 still objected to the spelling ''dessin'', and the Académie used ''dessein'' for this sense until 1798.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a deverbal noun [[der|fr|desseigner]], [[m|fr|dessigner]], the older forms of [[dessiner]], influenced by [[it|disegno|t=drawing]], itself a deverbal of [[m|it|disegnare]].^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary) The verb was adapted from the Italian, which comes from [[la|dēsignō|t=to mark out]].^(DHLF 1992)^(REW 1935) The noun and [[dessein]] “plan, intention” were at first the same word; the spelling separated the drawing from the plan only around 1700.^(Littré 1873)^(Petit Robert 2007) It is also a doublet of the English [[m|en|design]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Geoffroy Tory writes ''desseings et pourtraictz'' in ''Champfleury'' (1529), for graphic representations.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Richelet in 1680 blamed the writers who spelled it without ''e''; the two spellings, and the two meanings, were only kept apart at the end of the 17th century.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007) Bossuet uses it in 1685 for the arrangement of ornaments, as in a fabric, and Furetière in 1690 records a drawing as a work of art, the graphic side of a painting as against its colour, and by figure the plan of a literary or musical work.^(GLLF 1989) The art itself, as taught in schools, is attested before 1778 in Diderot, and the sense “outline, contour” is recorded by Larousse in 1870.^(GLLF 1989) The familiar ''faire un dessin à quelqu'un'' means to spell something out for someone.^(Le Robert) The word was borrowed into Romanian, Polish, Turkish and Japanese, among others.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1529 – ''Desseing'' in Geoffroy Tory.^(TLFi)

+ * 1548 – ''Dessein'' in the accounts of the royal buildings.^(TLFi)

+ * 1680 – Richelet records the spelling ''dessin'' and condemns it.^(TLFi)

+ * 1690 – Furetière records a drawing as a work of art.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1798 – The Académie adopts the spelling ''dessin''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|drawing]]: a representation of things on a surface with a pencil, pen or brush: ''dessin au trait'', ''dessin au crayon noir''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # The art of drawing: ''apprendre le dessin'', ''cours de dessin''.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+ # The [[m|en|outline]] or [[m|en|pattern]] of something, as of the ornaments of a fabric.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''Dessin animé'': an animated [[m|en|cartoon]].^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Dessin industriel'': technical drawing.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(familiar)'' ''Faire un dessin à quelqu'un'': to spell something out.^(Le Robert)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dessiner]]

+ * [[dessinateur]]

+ * [[dessein]]

+ * [[désigner]]

+ * [[it|disegno]]

+ * [[en|design]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}