évoquer French · revision 17573

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=late 14th century, Eustache Deschamps|origins=la vōx}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /e.vɔ.ke/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''évoquer'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|ēvocō|t=to call out, summon]], formed from [[m|la|ex-]] and [[m|la|vocō|t=to call]], a derivative of [[m|la|vōx|t=voice]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) In Latin the verb was used in the army for calling up troops.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Eustache Deschamps uses it in the ''Miroir de mariage'' (late 14th century) for raising spirits by incantation.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In law it meant, from 1479, the transfer of a case to a higher court, which “calls it to itself”;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) Littré still records this sense.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) Rabelais uses it in its Latin sense, to call or summon, as in ''evoquer la pluie des cieux''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) Speakers came to ''évoquer'' the shades of heroes in an apostrophe, as Diderot writes of the ''mânes de Marathon'', and André Chénier in 1794 uses it for recalling to memory.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi) From 1832 (Balzac) it meant to bring to mind through images and associations, and at the end of the 19th century to mention, allude to.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992) The derivatives ''évocable'' (1708) and ''évocateur'' (late 19th century) followed.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 14th century – Raising spirits, in Eustache Deschamps.^(TLFi)

+ * 1479 – The legal sense.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 16th century – “To call, summon”, in Rabelais.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1794 – “To recall to memory”, in Chénier.^(TLFi)

+ * 1832 – “To call up images”, in Balzac.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * Late 19th century – “To mention”.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To call up spirits or the dead by magic: ''évoquer les démons''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(literary)'' To address the absent or the dead in a speech, as if they were present.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # To [[m|en|recall|alt=recall]] to memory: ''évoquer un souvenir'', ''il évoqua son enfance''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # To bring to mind by images or associations; to [[m|en|suggest]].^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To [[m|en|mention]], touch on.^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(law)'' To call a case before a higher court.^(Littré 1873)^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[évocation]]

+ * [[évocateur]]

+ * [[évocable]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[convoquer]]

+ * [[invoquer]]

+ * [[provoquer]]

+ * [[révoquer]]

+ * [[voix]]

+ * [[la|ēvocō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}