fumée French · revision 17569

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=early 12th century, Voyage de saint Brendan|origins=la fūmus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /fy.me/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fumée''' ''f'' (uncountable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the feminine past participle, used as a noun, [[der|fr|fumer|t=to smoke]].^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary) The verb continues [[la|fūmō]], from [[m|la|fūmus|t=smoke]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) It replaced Old French [[m|fro|fum]] “smoke”, from that Latin noun, which disappeared early but survives in southern dialects, as do [[it|fumo]] and [[es|humo]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Voyage de saint Brendan'' (early 12th century) has it for the vapour rising from something burning or hotter than the air.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ About 1230 Guillaume le Clerc writes of ''la fumee de orgoil'', the intoxication of pride, and, from the early 15th century ''les fumées'' were the vapours thought to rise to the brain from wine.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Before 1559 Du Bellay uses it for fleeting things and vague talk.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) In hunting, ''les fumées'' are the droppings of deer (14th century).^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873) Phrases include ''se dissiper en fumée'' (Corneille, 1640), ''s'en aller en fumée'' (1671) and the proverb ''il n'y a pas de fumée sans feu'', in Charles d'Orléans as ''onques feu ne fut sans fumée''.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992) The smoke of tobacco is recorded in 1690.^(DHLF 1992) In fashion ''gris fumée'' is a colour from 1909.^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Early 12th century – In the ''Voyage de saint Brendan''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1230 – ''La fumee de orgoil''.^(TLFi)

+ * 14th century – ''Fumées'', the droppings of deer.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * Early 15th century – ''Onques feu ne fut sans fumée'', in Charles d'Orléans.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1640 – ''Se dissiper en fumée'', in Corneille.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1690 – Tobacco smoke.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1909 – ''Gris fumée'' in a fashion magazine.^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|smoke|alt=Smoke]], the gases and fine particles given off by something burning: ''la fumée d'un incendie'', ''noir de fumée''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # Tobacco smoke: ''faire des ronds de fumée''.^(Larousse)

+ # [[m|en|steam|alt=Steam]], vapour given off by something warm: ''la fumée qui sort des naseaux d'un cheval''.^(Larousse)

+ # ''(in the plural, literary)'' The vapours of wine, ''les fumées de l'orgueil'', the [[m|en|intoxication]] of pride.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(hunting, in the plural)'' The droppings of deer.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Partir en fumée'', ''s'en aller en fumée'': to come to nothing, ''il n'y a pas de fumée sans feu'': there is no smoke without fire.^(Le Robert)^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fumer]]

+ * [[enfumer]]

+ * [[fumet]]

+ * [[fumeur]]

+ * [[parfum]]

+ * [[fumier]]

+ * [[la|fūmus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}