espagnol French · revision 17565

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=1181–1191, Chrétien de Troyes|origins=la Hispānia}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɛs.pa.ɲɔl/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /ɛs.pa.njɔl/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''espagnol''' (feminine espagnole, masculine plural espagnols, feminine plural espagnoles)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''espaignol'', also ''espaigneul'';^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary) ''espagnol'' from the 15th century.^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is probably [[bor|pro|espanol]], also [[m|pro|espainol]], used as a proper name in the first half of the 12th century, from a Medieval Latin [[m|la-med|*Hispāniolus]], derived from [[la|Hispānia|t=Spain]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The Robert dictionaries and the GLLF derive it directly from Vulgar Latin.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989) Latin [[m|la|Hispānus|t=Spanish]], shortened in late Latin to [[m|la-lat|Spanus]], had given Old French [[m|fro|espan]], found in 1080 in the Chanson de Roland.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) It is a doublet of [[épagneul]] “spaniel”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Chrétien de Troyes's ''Perceval'' (1181–1191) has ''cheval espaignol'', a Spanish horse.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 17th century the adjective had negative values, as in ''payer à l'espagnole'', with blows and boasts (1611); this probably explains ''parler français comme une vache espagnole'', to speak French badly (1640, Oudin), which has also been explained as an alteration of ''Basque''.^(DHLF 1992) As a noun it names an inhabitant of Spain and, from the 17th century, the Romance language of most of Spain and Latin America.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) ''À l'espagnole'' is recorded by Cotgrave in 1611, and ''sauce à l'espagnole'', a brown sauce, in 1767.^(GLLF 1989) Derivatives include ''espagnolette'', a window catch (1731), and ''espagnolade'', once “bragging” (1611), now a conventional picture of Spain.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1181–1191 – ''Cheval espaignol'' in Chrétien de Troyes.^(TLFi)

+ * 1611 – ''Payer à l'espagnole'' and ''espagnolade'' “bragging”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1640 – ''Parler français comme une vache espagnole'', in Oudin.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 17th century – The noun for the language.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1731 – ''Espagnolette'', a window catch.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1767 – ''Sauce à l'espagnole''.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|Spanish|alt=Spanish]], of [[Espagne|alt=Spain]] or its people: ''le peuple espagnol'', ''danses espagnoles''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''Parler français comme une vache espagnole'': to speak very bad French.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''Espagnol'', ''Espagnole'': a Spaniard.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The Spanish language, [[castillan|alt=Castilian]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(cooking, feminine)'' ''L'espagnole'': a brown sauce used as a base for others.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[espagnolette]]

+ * [[espagnolade]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Espagne]]

+ * [[épagneul]]

+ * [[hispanique]]

+ * [[la|Hispānia]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}