heureusement French · revision 17560

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1351, Miracle de l'empereur Julien}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /œ.ʁøz.mɑ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /ø.ʁøz.mɑ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''heureusement'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|fr|heureux|-ment]], formed on the feminine form.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A ''Miracle de Nostre Dame'' (1351) uses it for “by a favourable fate, by luck”.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Olivier de Magny (1557) has it for “happily, in happiness”, a sense now dated, and Grévin (1560–1561) for “successfully, well”.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007) Amyot speaks of the king's ''très heureusement nez'' children, born with good gifts, and of Amyot's own translation Montaigne said that he had rendered Plutarch ''si heureusement''.^(Littré 1873)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ The GLLF dates the common sense “by good luck” at the head of a sentence to Voltaire (1756), and ''heureusement que…'' to Beaumarchais (1784).^(GLLF 1989) As an interjection it means “thank goodness!”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1351 – “By luck”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1557 – “Happily”, in Magny.^(TLFi)

+ * 1560–1561 – “Successfully”, in Grévin.^(TLFi)

+ * 1694 – The Académie records the word.^(TLFi)

+ * 1784 – ''Heureusement que'', in Beaumarchais.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|fortunately|alt=Fortunately]], [[m|en|luckily]]: ''heureusement, il est indemne'', ''heureusement que…'', it's a good thing that….^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Favourably, successfully: ''l'affaire s'est terminée heureusement''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # Felicitously, in a pleasing way: ''des couleurs qui se marient heureusement''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''(dated)'' [[m|en|happily|alt=Happily]], in a state of happiness: ''vivre heureusement''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ # ''Heureusement né'': born with good gifts.^(Littré 1873)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ===Interjection===

+ # ''(informal)'' Thank goodness!, just as well!^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[heureux]]

+ * [[malheureusement]]

+ * [[heur]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}