résister French · revision 17559

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1327, Reims archives|origins=la stō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁe.zis.te/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''résister'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|resistō|t=to stop; to stand facing; to resist]], from [[m|la|re-]] with intensive and opposing force and [[m|la|sistō|t=to set; to stand firm]], a derivative of [[m|la|stō|t=to stand]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(FEW|10, 300b) Bloch and Wartburg give a first, unclear record about 1240; the TLFi starts from a Reims document of 1327.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) Littré remarks that the word was made in the 14th century without regard to the Latin accent.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A document of 1327 in the Reims archives uses it for opposing force to the use of force by an authority.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ About 1350 Gilles li Muisis uses it for resisting by war and for setting one's will against another's;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Oresme (1370) has it for rebelling against an authority.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The ''Ménagier de Paris'' (about 1393) uses it of a woman who resists advances, and Racine (1672) of struggling against one's own desires.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Of things, the senses “not to give way under a force” and “not to deteriorate” are from the 16th century (Amyot, 1559), as is “to withstand hardship” of living beings.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) Under the German occupation of 1940 it took the political sense of joining the [[résistance|alt=Resistance]].^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1240 – An unclear first record.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1327 – “To resist force”, in a Reims document.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1350 – Military resistance, in Gilles li Muisis.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1393 – Of resisting advances, in the ''Ménagier de Paris''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1559 – Of things that do not give way, in Amyot.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1940 – Resistance to the German occupation.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''Résister à'': of things, to [[m|en|withstand]], not to give way under: ''ces murailles épaisses ont résisté au séisme''; not to be damaged by: ''un plat qui résiste au feu''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # Of living beings, to hold out against: ''résister à la fatigue''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To [[m|en|resist]], oppose by force: ''la ville a résisté pendant plusieurs mois''.^(Littré 1873)^(Larousse)

+ # To resist (a temptation, a desire); ''on ne peut lui résister'', he or she is irresistible.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(history)'' To take part in the Resistance.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[résistance]]

+ * [[résistant]]

+ * [[irrésistible]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[assister]]

+ * [[insister]]

+ * [[persister]]

+ * [[la|resistō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}