extérieur French · revision 17556

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1447|origins=la ex}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɛk.ste.ʁjœʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /ɛk.stɛ.ʁjœʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''extérieur''' (feminine extérieure, masculine plural extérieurs, feminine plural extérieures)^(Wiktionary)

+ First written ''exterior'' (1447); ''extérieur'' from 1563.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|exterior|t=outer]], the comparative of [[m|la|exter|t=on the outside]], refashioned with the ending of French adjectives in ⟨-eur⟩.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|3, 328a) The Latin word is formed from [[m|la|ex-|t=out of]] and the element ⟨-ter⟩ “on the side of”;^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) Littré notes that it is a double comparative, as the suffix of the positive already had comparative force.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) Christian Latin used it as a noun for what is outside.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A text of 1447 has ''exterior'' for what lies outside a person.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Calvin (1541) applies it to what does not belong to a person's inner nature, as in ''l'apparence exterieure du bien'', and Palissy (1563) to what can be seen from outside, as adjective and noun.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)^(TLFi) ''À l'extérieur'' “outwardly, in appearance” is in Pascal (1662), and ''un extérieur'' for a person's appearance or manner from 1669.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ From the sense “outside” came the use for foreign countries, as a noun (1849) and an adjective, as in ''commerce extérieur'' (1865) and ''politique extérieure''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) In cinema ''un extérieur'' is a shot taken outside the studio (1914), and in sport a match ''à l'extérieur'' is an away game.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1447 – ''Exterior''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1541 – Of outward appearances, in Calvin.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1563 – ''Extérieur'', adjective and noun, in Palissy.^(TLFi)

+ * 1662 – ''À l'extérieur'', in Pascal.^(TLFi)

+ * 1865 – ''Commerce extérieur''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1914 – A film shot on location.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|outer|alt=Outer]], [[m|en|external]], outside: ''cour extérieure'', ''éclairage extérieur''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''Extérieur à'': outside, not part of: ''des considérations extérieures au sujet''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # Existing outside the mind: ''le monde extérieur''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ # Visible from outside; outward, apparent.^(Littré 1873)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # Concerning foreign countries: ''politique extérieure'', ''commerce extérieur''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # The outside, the [[m|en|exterior]]: ''l'extérieur d'une maison'', ''à l'extérieur'', outside, ''(sport)'' away.^(Larousse)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # A person's outward appearance and manner: ''un extérieur négligé''.^(Larousse)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # Foreign countries: ''les relations avec l'extérieur''.^(Larousse)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(cinema)'' A shot filmed on location.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[extérioriser]]

+ * [[extérieurement]]

+ * [[extériorité]]

+ * [[extériorisation]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[intérieur]]

+ * [[externe]]

+ * [[extrême]]

+ * [[la|exterior]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}