chier French · revision 17553

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1202, Roman de Renart|origins=la cacō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʃje/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /ʃi.e/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''chier'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|chier]], [[inh|la|cacō|t=to defecate]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|2, 16a) The regional and less coarse verbs [[caquer]] and [[caguer]] (the latter through [[pro|cagar]]) come from the same Latin verb, and so do [[caca]] and [[cagot]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|cacare]], [[es|cagar]], [[pt|cagar]] and [[ca|cagar]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Roman de Renart'' (about 1202) has it in the plain sense, to void excrement;^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873) Littré quotes a branch in which an animal ''chia seur le musel au vilain'' and woke him.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Rabelais (1534) has ''c'est bien chié'' “that is well said”, and the participle ''chié'' still means “terrific” in slang.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Envoyer chier quelqu'un'' “to tell someone to get lost” is found in 1649, in a Fronde pamphlet, and ''à chier dessus'' “awful” in 1742.^(BHVF)^(DHLF 1992) Brantôme has ''chier sur la Bible'', “to abandon one's faith”.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ In the 20th century the verb produced many figurative phrases: ''(se) faire chier'' “to (get) bored, to annoy”, ''en chier'' “to have a hard time”, ''ça va chier'' “there'll be trouble” and ''il n'y a pas à chier'' “there's no getting round it” (1920), and ''nul à chier'' (about 1985).^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1202 – In the ''Roman de Renart''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1534 – ''C'est bien chié'', in Rabelais, ''chienlit''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1578 – The derivative ''chiasse''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1649 – ''Envoyer chier''.^(BHVF)

+ * 1742 – ''À chier dessus''.^(BHVF)

+ * 1920 – ''Ça va chier'', ''il n'y a pas à chier'', and ''chiant''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1985 – ''Nul à chier''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(vulgar)'' To [[m|en|shit|alt=shit]], [[m|en|defecate]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Faire chier quelqu'un'': to annoy, bug someone, ''se faire chier'', to be bored stiff.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''Envoyer chier quelqu'un'': to tell someone to get lost.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(BHVF)

+ # ''En chier'': to have a really hard time, ''ça va chier'', there's going to be trouble.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''À chier'', ''nul à chier'': awful, useless.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[chiasse]]

+ * [[chieur]]

+ * [[chiure]]

+ * [[chiotte]]

+ * [[chiant]]

+ * [[chienlit]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[caca]]

+ * [[caguer]]

+ * [[la|cacō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The verb and most of its derivatives are vulgar;^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) ''chiant'' “boring, annoying” (1920) and ''chiure'' (1642), used of fly-specks, are less strongly marked.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}