indiquer French · revision 17539

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1510|origins=la index}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɛ̃.di.ke/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''indiquer'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|indicō|t=to point out, show; to denounce; to put a price on]], from [[m|la|index|t=forefinger; informer]] (see [[index]], [[indice]]).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|4, 643a) Bloch and Wartburg date it to 1510; the TLFi's first quotation is in Cotgrave (1611).^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Rey notes that it also took over senses of [[m|la|indīcō|t=to proclaim, impose]], a compound of [[m|la|dīcō|t=to say]].^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ The same Latin verb had given by regular development Old French [[m|fro|aengier|t=to increase]], whence [[engeance]], and a Gallo-Roman derivative gave Old French [[m|fro|enditier|t=to make known]], used until the end of the 16th century.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first recorded in 1510, with the sense “to show precisely, by a gesture or sign”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Cotgrave (1611) has “to make known something secret” and “to denounce (a culprit)”, a sense taken up by Montesquieu (1748) and in 19th-century argot after [[indicateur]].^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) In the 17th century medicine used it for the treatment that a condition calls for, mostly in the past participle (''remède indiqué''), whence ''contre-indiquer'' (1770).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Furetière (1690) records the sense “to tell someone where to find something”, as in ''indiquer un lieu''.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) In the arts it came to mean “to sketch” (La Harpe, before 1803), and with a thing as subject “to be the sign of” (1835).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1333 – The noun ''indication''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1510 – First record of the verb.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1611 – Recorded by Cotgrave.^(TLFi)

+ * 1690 – “To direct (someone) to”, in Furetière.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1770 – ''Contre-indiquer''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * Before 1803 – “To sketch”, in La Harpe.^(TLFi)

+ * 1835 – “To be the sign of”, in the Académie.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To show, point out: ''indiquer quelque chose du doigt'', ''l'horloge indique deux heures''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # To tell, give (information): ''pouvez-vous m'indiquer un bon médecin ?'', ''indiquer la bonne direction''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # To [[m|en|indicate]], be a sign of: ''les traces indiquent la fuite''.^(Littré 1873)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(medicine)'' To call for (a treatment); ''indiqué'', advisable, appropriate.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(arts)'' To sketch, outline.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[indicateur]]

+ * [[contre-indication]]

+ * [[contre-indiquer]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[indicatif]]

+ * [[indication]]

+ * [[indice]]

+ * [[index]]

+ * [[la|indicō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}