horrible French · revision 17525

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=early 12th century, Benedeit, Voyage de saint Brendan|origins=la horreō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɔ.ʁibl/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''horrible''' (plural horribles)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French also [[m|fro|orrible]], [[m|fro|orible]].^(Wiktionary)^(AND)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|horribilis|t=dreadful, terrifying; astonishing]], from [[m|la|horreō|t=to bristle; to shudder]].^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(FEW|4, 485b) Cognate with [[it|orribile]], [[es|horrible]] and [[pt|horrível]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Benedeit's ''Voyage de saint Brendan'' (early 12th century) has it for what makes one shudder with horror; the GLLF and the Grand Robert cite the ''Vie de saint Gilles'' (about 1138).^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Froissart (about 1360) applies it to what is morally revolting.^(GLLF 1989) By exaggeration Rabelais uses it for “very great, enormous” (1534), and in Vaugelas (1647) it is said of something excessive.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) Molière has it for “very bad, detestable” in ''Les Femmes savantes'' (1672), and Furetière (1690) for “very ugly”.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Early 12th century – Benedeit's ''Voyage de saint Brendan''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1360 – Of what is morally revolting, in Froissart.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1534 – “Enormous”, in Rabelais.^(TLFi)

+ * 1672 – “Very bad”, in Molière.^(TLFi)

+ * 1690 – “Very ugly”, in Furetière.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|horrible|alt=Horrible]], [[m|en|dreadful]]: causing horror or disgust: ''une mort horrible'', ''des cris horribles''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # Morally revolting: ''une horrible perfidie''.^(Larousse)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # Very ugly or very bad: ''un temps horrible'', ''un mobilier horrible''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # Excessive: ''il fait une chaleur horrible''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+ # Of a person, nasty, unpleasant: ''il a été horrible avec moi''.^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[horriblement]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[horreur]]

+ * [[horrifier]]

+ * [[la|horribilis]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}